搜索
跨文化选词填空(checklist第一题)Chapter1Culture(1)CultureIdentity:referstoone’ssenseofbelongingtoaparticularcultureorethnicgroup.（文化身份：认为自己归属于某一文化或民族群体的感觉。）(2)Subculture：referstoaculturethatexistswithindominantculture,andisoftenbasedoneconomicorsocialclass,ethnicity,race,orgeographicregion.（亚文化：指存在于主流文化中的文化，其划分通常基于经济地位、社会阶层、民族、种族或地理区域。）(3)Co-culture:referstogroupsorsocialcommunitiesexhibitingcommunicationcharacteristics,perceptions,values,beliefs,andpracticesthataresignificantlydifferentenoughtodistinguishthemfromtheothergroups,communities,andthedominantculture.（共文化：指具有独特的交际特征、感知特点、价值观、信仰和行为，区别于其他群体、社团以及主流文化的群体或社团。）(4)Subgroup:usuallydoesnotinvolvethesamelargenumberofpeopleandisnotnecessarilythoughtofasaccumulatingvaluesandpatternsofbehaviorovergenerationsinthesamewayasculturesdo.（亚群体：相对于亚文化和共文化群体，亚群体通常规模不大，也不一定有文化群体世代相传积累的价值观念和行为模式。）(5)Culture:isthedepositofknowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,hierarchies,religions,notionsoftime,role,spatialrelations,conceptsoftheuniverse,andartifactsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualandgroupstriving.Chapter2CommunicationandInterculturalCommunication(1)Sender/Source:referstothepersonwhotransmitsamessage.（信息发出者/信息源：信息发出者/信息源指传递信息的人。）(2)Channel(sometimescalledthemedium):isthemethodusedtodeliveramessage.（渠道/媒介：渠道/媒介指发送信息的方法。）(3)Receiver:isanypersonwhonoticesandgivessomemeaningtoamessage.(信息接受者：信息接受者指信息接收者是指注意到信息并且赋予信息某些含义的人。)(4)Interculturalcommunication:iscommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionandsymbolsystemaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent.(跨文化交际：跨文化交际指的是那些在文化认知和符号系统上存在差异的人们之间的交际。这些差异足以改变整个交际事件。)Chapter4InterculturalCommunicationBarriers(1)Ethnocentrism:referstonegativelyjudgingaspectsofanotherculturebythestandardsofone’sownculture.（种族或民主中心主义：是指从本国文化的标准出发，消极地审视另一文化。）(2)Prejudice:referstotheirrationaldislike,suspicion,orhatredofaparticulargroup,race,religion,orsexualorientation.（偏见：偏见是指对于某一特定群体、种族、宗教、或性取向的无端地憎恶和怀疑。）(3)Racism:isanypolicy,practice,belief,orattitudethatattributescharacteristicsorstatustoindividualsbasedontheirrace.（种族主义：种族主义是指基于种族把性格特点或地位归因于个人的任一政策、做法、信仰或态度。）(4)Stereotyping:isusedtorefertonegativeorpositivejudgmentsmadeaboutindividualsbasedonanyobservableorbelievedgroupmembership.（文化定势：文化定势指基于明显的或受到认可的群体身份，对目标群体中的个体成员所持有的正面或反面的判断。）Chapter5VerbalInterculturalCommunication(1)Verbalinterculturalcommunicationhappenswhenpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscommunicatewitheachotherbyusinglanguage.来自不同文化背景的人用言语进行的交际即言语跨文化交际(2)Pidginisaspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorlendslanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.洋泾浜，是一种特殊的语言变体，指为贸易等目的将两种或几种语言混合使用。(3)Dialectisaformoflanguagepeculiartoagroupofpeople,asdistinguishedfromtheliterarylanguageofthewholepeople.方言是某一群体特有的语言，与整个群体的言语不同。(4)Tabooreferstoprohibitionofasetofbehaviorsthatshouldbeavoidedbecausetheyareoffensiveandimpolite.禁忌语指被禁止或避免的具有冒犯性的不礼貌行为。Chapter6NonverbalInterculturalCommunication(1)Nonverbalcommunication:referstothemessagessentwithoutusingwords.（非言语交际：不运用言语语言传递信息被称为非言语交际。)(2)Oculesics:isthestudyofnonverbalcommunicationsentbytheeyes.（目光语：对于由眼睛所传达的信息的研究。不同的文化对于交际时眼神的接触有不同的要求。）(3)Proxemics:isthewayweusefixedspaceandpersonalspace.（时空行为：时空行为对空间关系的研究。）(4)Kinesics:Itreferstogestures,facialexpressions,eyecontact,bodypositions,bodymovement,andformsofgreetingandtheirrelationtocommunication.（身势语行为：身势语（也称体态语），指手势、面目表情、眼神交流、身体姿势、肢体运动和问候方式以及和他们与交际的关系。）(5)Chronemics:Itisthestudyofhowpeopleperceiveandusetime.（时间行为：对于人们如何理解和利用时间的研究。）Chapter7CulturalPatterns(1)Membersinthecultureofhighuncertaintyavoidancehavealowertoleranceforuncertaintyandambiguity.(2)Individualsfromhighpowerdistanceculturesacceptpoweraspartofsociety.Asaresult,superiorsconsidertheirsubordinatestobedifferentfromthemselvesandviceversa.(3)Peoplefromhighmasculineculturestendtoseesame-sexrelationshipsasmoreintimatesthanopposite-sexrelationships.(4)IncollectivesocietiessuchasthoseinPakistan,Colombia,Venezuela,ChinaandPeru,peoplearebornintoextendedfamiliesthatsupportandprotecttheminexchangefortheirloyalty.Chapter8CulturalInfluencesonContexts(1)InJapan,businessisnotconductedinObon(inmid-August),becausemanypeopletraveltothegravesoftheirancestors.(2)InIndia,”thetraditionalgreetingisthenamaste,formedbypressingthepalmstogether,fingersup,belowthechin.Aslightbowmaybeaddedtoshowrespect.”(3)InIsrael,theJewishholyday,theSabbathbeginsatsunsetonFridayandendsatsunsetonSaturday.Therefore,thebusinessweekrunsfromSundaythroughThursday.Conductingbusinessontheholydaywouldbehighlyinappropriate.(4)InSaudiArabia,nobusinessisconductedduringthethree-dayfestivalofbreakingfastattheendofthemonthofRamadan.Chapter9InterculturalAdaptation(1)Honeymoon:isthefirststageoftheinterculturaladaptationwheneverythingisnewandexciting.(2)Segregation：Itoccurswhenthemorepoliticallyandeconomicallypowerfulculturedoesnotwanttheinterculturalcontact,theseparationisinitiatedandenforcedbythedominantsociety.（隔离：隔离当经济和政治上更强大的新主流文化不接受人们与它进行文化接触，人们就会被这种文化隔离在外。）(3)Integration:Ittakesplacewhensomepeopledesireahighlevelofinteractionwiththehostculturewhilemaintai