SQA-HND国际实务配送outcome2

UnitTitle:AssessorName:SubmissionDate:InternationalPhysicalDistributionWordCount:19991Technicalreport1ModeTotalmodecostCostperpalletTransittimeModeAdvantageModeDisadvantageSea£620£24.87daysInthiscase,theseamodelisthecheapest,only£620,Shippingoflargevolume,lowcost,easilyaccessiblechannelisitsadvantageSeamodelinthiscasespentfourweeks,sotheshortcomingsoftheseamodelisslow,theriskofsailing,sailingdateisnoteasyandaccurateAir£1265£2534hoursAirmodelshavetheadvantageofshorttime,highsafety.Inthismodel,thetransportationtimeonlyfourhours，Itisveryconvenientforcustomers.Airmodeltoprovidehigh-speedtransport,butalsorequiresahighcost,inthiscasethecostofairmodelis£1265,higherthanothermodels,sothedisadvantageoftheairmodelishighcost2Rail£1275£512daysRailmodelinthecaseof£51costperpallet,andrailmodelforthetransporttimeadaytwotimes,FreightvolumeislargeArailmodelrailwayisnotconvenient,whenthefreightamountislarge,thetotalcostishigh,thetotalcostinthiscaseis£1275Directroad£1350£67.53daysDirectroadtransporttimeisshort,anditisveryconvenient,dailytransport,transportcycleforthreedays，Andtheunitpriceofshortdistancetransportislow.Directroadfreightvolumeislow,andthecostisrelativelyexpensive,andintheprocessoftransportationvulnerabletonaturalconditionsMulti-mode£1185£47.47days18hoursTheadvantageofthismodelisthatthecostofthismodelisrelativelycheap,andhasahighflexibilityTransportcycleforalongtime,inthiscase,thetransportcycleis7days18hours,andthetotalcostisrelativelyexpensive3TheExplanationofDataSea:Seatransportrequiresa40footcontainer,andthetotalcostofcarrying25palletsis£620,andthepriceis£25percontainer.Socostperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£620/25=£24.8.Thetransittimeis7days.Air:Becauseoftheneedforaircrafttransport,sothetotalcostof£1265,sothecostoftransportis£253,andthepriceis£1265per5pallets.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£1265/5=£253.Thetransittimeis4hours.Rail:Railmoderequires40feetofcontainertocarry25pallets,sothetotalcostis£1275,sothepriceis£51.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet.Thusthecostperpallet=£1275/25=£51.Andthetransittimeis2days.Directroad:Aflatbedcontainerlorrycancarry20pallets,sothetotalcostis1350,becausethetransportationtimeis3days,socostperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£1350/20=£67.5.Multi-mode:FromMilanGlassWorkstoGenoaCalatashouldbethefreightis£125,inadditiontotheseamodelof£620and£295oftherailwaymodel,whichalsoneedtoaddthecostof£145formCoatbridgeRail-porttoKiribatiBottling,ThusTotalmodecost=£125+£620+£295+£145=£1185.Totalpallet=25.Thetotalmodecost=£1185/25=£47.4.Thetime=6hours+7days+5hours+7hours=7daysand18hours.thetotalcostequalto£1185.Technicalreport2InitialIncotermDescription4EXWExWorks(namedplaceofdelivery)Thesellermakesthegoodsavailableattheirpremises,oratanothernamedplace.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationonthebuyerandminimumobligationsontheseller.TheExWorkstermisoftenusedwhenmakinganinitialquotationforthesaleofgoodswithoutanycostsincluded.EXWmeansthatabuyerincurstherisksforbringingthegoodstotheirfinaldestination.Eitherthesellerdoesnotloadthegoodsoncollectingvehiclesanddoesnotclearthemforexport,orifthesellerdoesloadthegoods,hedoessoatbuyer'sriskandcost.FCAFreeCarrier(namedplaceofdelivery)FreeCarriermeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenhehashandedoverthegoods,clearedforexport,intothechargeofthecarriernamedbythebuyeratthenamedplaceorpoint.Ifnoprecisepointisindicatedbythebuyer,thesellermaychoosewithintheplaceorrangestipulatedwherethecarriershalltakethegoodsintohischarge.When,accordingtocommercialpractice,theseller'sassistanceisrequiredinmakingthecontractwiththecarrier(suchasinrailorairtransport)thesellermayactatthebuyer'sriskandexpense.5CPTCarriagePaidTo(namedplaceofdestination)Carriagepaidto...meansthatthesellerpaysthefreightforthecarriageofthegoodstothenameddestination.Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimethegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrieristransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodshavebeendeliveredintothecustodyofthecarrier.CIPCarriageandInsurancePaidTo(namedplaceofdestination)“CarriageandInsurancepaidto...”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodsthecarriernominatedbyhimbutthesellermustmadditionpaythecostofcarriagenecessarytobringthegoodstothenameddestination.Thismeansthatthebuyerbearsallrisksandanyadditionalcostsoccurringafterthegoodshavebeensodelivered.However,inCIPtheselleralsohastoprocureinsuranceagainstthebuyer'sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.DATDeliveredatTerminal(namedterminalatportorplaceofdestination)ThisIncotermrequiresthatthesellerdeliversthegoods,unloaded,atthenamedterminal.Thesellercoversallthecostsoftransport(exportfees,carriage,unloadingfrommaincarrieratdestinationportanddestinationportcharges)andassumesallriskuntilarrivalatthedestinationportorterminal.TheterminalcanbeaPort,Airport,orinlandfreightinterchange,butmustbea6facilitywiththecapabilitytoreceivetheshipment.DAPDeliveredatplace(namedplaceofdestination)Incoterms2010definesDAPas'DeliveredatPlace'-these