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unit4ThejoyofworkWorkisablessingTextlearningvNewwordsandexpressionsv1.blessing n.somethingthatisgoodorhelpful好事；有益之事 e.g.:Whatablessingyouweren’thurtintheaccident!你在这次事故中没有受伤,真是幸运!其他词义：God’shelpandprotection神恩;神的保佑 e.g.: toprayforGod’sblessing.祈求上帝的保佑。 衍生 bless v. toaskGodtoprotectsb./sth.求上帝降福；祝福e.g.:TheybroughtthechildrentoJesusandheblessedthem.他们把孩子带到耶稣跟前，耶稣祝福了他们。Godblessyou!上帝保佑你！v2.subsistence n.勉强维持生活；生计e.g.:Manyfamiliesarelivingbelowthelevelofsubsistence.许多家庭难以度日。vsubsistvi.（靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去vsubsist on sth. (尤指靠有限的食物或钱)维持生活e.g.:Oldpeopleoftensubsistonverysmallincomes.老人往往靠十分微薄的收入艰难度日。v3.dairyadj.乳品业的；生产乳品的n.乳制品 dairycattle乳牛；奶牛 dairyfarm奶场 dairymaid奶场女工v区分：dairy/diaryvdiaryn.日记vkeepadiary写日记v4.complainv.抱怨；埋怨；发牢骚vcomplain（tosb.）aboutsth.（对某人）抱怨某事e.g.:TheAmericancouplecomplainedtomeaboutthehighcostofvisitingEurope.这对美国夫妇跟我抱怨说去欧洲旅行的花销太高。vcomplainof诉说有…病痛e.g.:Hecomplainedofaheadache.他说头痛。vcomplaintn.抱怨，控诉e.g.:aletterofcomplaint投诉信v 5.depression n.萧条期；经济衰退；不景气e.g.:Manypeoplewereoutofworkduringthedepression.萧条时期，很多人都失业了。 其他词义：beingdepressed;lowspirits忧愁；沮丧；消沉e.g.:Lackofexercisecanleadtofeelingsofdepression.缺乏锻炼会导致抑郁。衍生： depress v.①使（某人）忧愁，消沉，沮丧e.g.:Wetweatheralwaysdepressesme.我在阴雨天总是心灰意懒。 ②使（尤指贸易）不活跃，不景气，萧条e.g.:Ariseinoilpricedepressesthecarmarket.油价上涨导致汽车市场不景气。 depressed adj. veryunhappy沮丧的e.g.:Shefeltlonelyanddepressed.她觉得既孤单又沮丧。v 构词 前缀de- 1）向下，降低，减少 depopulationn.人口减少 depressv.压抑 devaluev.贬值 2）去掉，取消 decodev.破译 decolorv.去色 defamev.诽谤 deforestv.砍伐森林 defrostv.除霜 3）否定，非，相反 decomposev.分解 destructionn.破坏 4）离开 derailv.使（火车）脱轨 detrainv.下火车 5）使…加强 declaimv.演讲 declarev.声明，宣布 depictv.描绘 designv.设计v6.IhadafeelingIhadbeentoldsomethingreallyimportant,butittookmanyyearsbeforeitsankin.v我有种感觉--父亲跟我说了一些确实重要的东西，但许多年后我才真正理解。vsinkin:beunderstood被理解e.g.:Ittookmanyyearsfortheteachers'wordstosinkin.v7.AndwhatstartedoutasanobligationtotheArmybecameawayoflifethatIstayedcommittedtofor37years,threemonthsandthreedays.v(1)anobligationtotheArmy对于部队的义务v(2)awayoflife生活方式v(3)stay/becommittedto致力于e.g.:Hehasbeencommittedtoworkingforthepeopleheartandsoulformorethantwentyyears.v(4)译文：当时的义务从军便成为了我的生活方式--我在部队服役长达37年三个月零三天。v8.committedadj.尽心尽力的：坚信的；坚定的vbecommittedto(doing)sth.承诺…；致力于…e.g.:ThePresidentiscommittedtoreforminghealthcare.总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。vcommitv.犯罪，做错事commitanerror犯错commitacrime犯罪commitsuicide自杀vcommitoneselfto(doing)sth.专心致志于；献身于；承诺…e.g:Hecommittedhimselftoworkingforpeace.他献身于和平事业。Shehascommittedherselftohelpingmewhennecessary.她承诺在有必要的时候帮助我。vcommitmentn.承诺，许诺；奉献v 9. And bad as that woman's job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. vas意为虽然，用于倒装，句式如下：v1)Thoughheisveryyoung,heisverylearned.=Youngasheis,heisverylearned.v2)Thoughheisachild,heknowstohelpothers.=Childasheis,heknowstohelpothers.v3)ThoughIlikehimverymuch,Iwon'tdohishomeworkforhim.=MuchasIlikehim,Iwon'tdohishomeworkforhim.v10.remindv.提醒；使想起vremind sb. about/of sth. 提醒某人某事e.g.:Remindmeabout/oftakingthecameratomorrow.明天提醒我要带相机。vremind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人要做某事e.g.:Remindmetobuysomemilktonight.晚上提醒我买些牛奶。vremind sb of sth 使某人想起(回忆)…e.g.:Thatsongalwaysremindsmeofourfirstdate.那首歌总是让我想起我们的第一次约会。衍生：reminder n. thingwhichremindssb.ofafactorperson.引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物e.g.:ThestatueisalastingreminderofChurchill'sgreatness.这尊塑像使人永远缅怀邱吉尔的伟大功绩。v11.victimn.受害者；牺牲品e.g.:victimsofcrime.犯罪的受害者vfallvictim(to…)成为…的牺牲品;受伤；受损；e.g.:Manyplantshavefallenvictimtothesuddenfrost.许多植物因突如其来的霜降冻伤了。v12.terrorismn.恐怖主义vterrorn.恐怖vterroristn.恐怖主义者，恐怖分子v13. illegal adj. notallowedbythelaw不合法的；非法的；违法的e.g.:Itisillegaltointerceptradiomessages.窃听无线电信息是违法的。 v衍生：legal adj. allowedbythelaw合法的e.g.:Gamblingislegalinsomecountries.在有些国家赌钱是合法的。v14. immigrant n. （外来）移民；外侨e.g.:Headmittedthathewasanillegalimmigrant.他承认他是非法移民。衍生：immigrate v. 移入,移居入境e.g.:Hisfatherandmotherimmigratedwhenhewastwo.他两岁的时候，他父母就移民了。 immigration n. 移民e.g.:immigrationofficials（处理外来移民的）移民局官员 immigrationcontrols（对外来的）移民管制v 构词: im-前缀（进入）+ migr词根（迁徙） im- 进入 importv/n.进口 imprisonv.监禁 implantv.注入，灌输 migr词根：迁徙 migratev.迁徙 migrantn.候鸟，迁移者 emigratev.移民国外 immigratev.移民入境v15.dealern.贩毒者；毒品贩子；商人；经销商；交易商vcardealer汽车经销商vdrugdealer贩毒者vdealv.经营;交易vdealinsth.经营vdealwithsth.处理;应付;e.g.:Hemustdealwithmanydifficulties.他必须应付许多困难。v16. contribute v有助于；促成 增加；增进；添加（到某物）contribute to 为….做贡献;导致；促成e.g.:Whatcancontributetolungdisease?contribute sth. to sth. 1) 投稿，2)捐款e.g.:Hehascontributed2articlestoamagazine.hehascontributedsomemoneytothisschool.contribution n. 贡献；捐献ExercisesoftextAv1.Checking Your Comprehension v1.Bv2.Av3.Dv4.Cv5.BTextBHowtostartyourownbusiness?1.liein在于；位于=consistinvYourproblemliesinlackingefficientmethods.v你的问题在于缺少有效的方法。vThetroubleliesintheengine.v毛病出在引擎上.2. exclude… from把…排斥[排除]于…之外vTheuniversityhadnorighttoexcludethestudentfromtheexamination.v学校无权阻止这位学生参加考试.vPeopleunder21areexcludedfromjoiningtheclub.v21岁以下的人不得参加这个俱乐部。v3.tragicadj.悲惨的；悲痛的；可悲的v tragedyn.悲剧，惨剧v tragediann.悲剧演员，悲剧作家v comedyn. 喜剧vcomicadj.喜剧的,滑稽的n.喜剧演员；vcomediann.喜剧演员4.bargainforv1.预料到，料想到,考虑到(某情况)e.g.:Ihadn'tbargainedfors