TheRaven——EdgarAllanPoeEdgarAllanPoePoewasanAmericanauthor,poet,editor,andliterarycritic.Bestknownforhistalesofmysteryandthemacabre(可怕的,死亡为主题的),andisgenerallyconsideredtheinventorofthedetectivefictiongenre.Hisworksincludeshortstory,novel,poetry,drama,andessay.versatile(多才多艺的)TheRavenTheRavenisanarrativepoembyEdgarAllanPoe.FirstpublishedinJanuary1845.Ittellsofatalkingraven'smysteriousvisittoadistraughtlover,tracingtheman'sslowfallintomadness.Thelover,oftenidentifiedasastudent,islamentingthelossofhislove,Lenore.SittingonabustofPallas,theravenseemstofurtherinstigate(煽动)hisdistresswithitsconstantrepetitionofthewordNevermore.Poeclaimedtohavewrittenthepoemverylogicallyandmethodically,intendingtocreateapoemthatwouldappealtobothcriticalandpopulartastes,asheexplainedinhis1846follow-upessay,ThePhilosophyofComposition.ThepoemwasinspiredinpartbyatalkingraveninthenovelBarnabyRudge:ATaleoftheRiotsofEightybyCharlesDickens.TheRavenThepublicationofTheRavenmadePoewidelypopularinhislifetime,althoughitdidnotbringhimmuchfinancialsuccess.Criticalopinionisdividedastothepoem'sliterarystatus,butitneverthelessremainsoneofthemostfamouspoemseverwritten.诗歌赏析:1.Pragmaticfeature(语用)——plot,theme,scene2.Sematic(语义)——imagery,metaphor,similie,repetition3.Linguistic(语言)4.Phonological(语音)——rhyme(韵律),rhythem(节奏)scene场景读者可在开篇看到一幅夜半三更的凄惨画卷:阴森的气氛,令人毛骨悚然的场景,神秘而忧郁的男子,不详的乌鸦.......在阴郁而寒冷的午夜,除寒风的呼啸与男子翻动书页的声音,周围的一切均可谓万籁俱寂,屋外的世界在夜的面纱笼罩下,而屋内的狭小空间在昏暗的光线下显得忽明忽暗,突然一阵短暂的敲门声在他房门上叩响,但当他打开房门查看时,却不见敲门人,只有无情的黑夜与肆意的狂风。然而,当他回到屋内,之前的敲门声却再次响起,乌鸦这时飞入他的房间,并栖息于他房门之上。但为何选择午夜作为故事发生的时间?午夜意味着恐怖与神秘,各种幽灵与魔鬼总再次出没,这种令人发怵的气氛,为乌鸦的出场奠定了基调,诗人将故事设置在一所幽僻而狭小的屋子里也是别有一番用心。首先,狭小而封闭的空间对构建孤僻而隔世的哥特式恐怖气氛有绝对的辅助作用。第二,小屋正是两位情侣的爱巢,这个屋子依旧如此,然而曾经的欢喜却随着女主人的香消玉殒而一去不返。男子守着物是人非的屋子,睹物思人,是何等的悲伤。如此设置场景会在读者心中产生共鸣,使读者对男子的同情之心油然而生。《乌鸦》塑造了两个形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。悲伤的男子刚刚失去她最爱女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却悲痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲伤侵蚀;而象征死亡与不详的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人相会的小屋。此外,诗人还塑造了其他对诗的主旨起重要作用的意向。例如,黑色。诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受到男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义。在乌鸦出场时,悲伤的男子问它叫什么名字,乌鸦的回答就是“永远不再”,但当主人翁想乌鸦询问是否具有良药以消除他心中对雷诺的思念时,当他想知道是否能与雷诺在遥远的天堂再次相会时,以及最后要求乌鸦离开小屋时,乌鸦都是通过“永远不再”作答,也正这个词,使得男子陷入永恒的悲痛深渊。imagery意象TheRavenDeepintothatdarknesspeering,longIstoodtherewondering,fearing,Doubting,dreamingdreamsnomortaleverdaredtodreambeforeButthesilencewasunbroken,andthedarknessgavenotoken,Andtheonlywordtherespokenwasthewhisperedword,`Lenore!'ThisIwhispered,andanechomurmuredbacktheword,`Lenore!'Merelythisandnothingmore.凝视着夜色幽幽,我站在门边惊惧良久,疑惑中似乎梦见从前没人敢梦见的梦幻;可那未被打破的寂静,没显示任何迹象。“丽诺尔?”便是我嗫嚅念叨的唯一字眼,我念叨“丽诺尔!”,回声把这名字轻轻送还,唯此而已,别无他般。Backintothechamberturning,allmysoulwithinmeburning,SoonagainIheardatappingsomewhatlouderthanbefore.`Surely,'saidI,`surelythatissomethingatmywindowlattice;Letmeseethen,whatthereatis,andthismysteryexplore-Letmyheartbestillamomentandthismysteryexplore;-'Tisthewindandnothingmore!'我转身回到房中,我的整个心烧灼般疼痛,很快我又听到叩击声,比刚才听起来明显。“让我瞧瞧是什么在那里,去把那秘密发现——让我的心先镇静一会儿,去把那秘密现;——那不过是风,别无他般!”OpenhereIflungtheshutter,when,withmanyaflirtandflutter,Intheresteppedastatelyravenofthesaintlydaysofyore.Nottheleastobeisancemadehe;notaminutestoppedorstayedhe;But,withmienoflordorlady,perchedabovemychamberdoor-PercheduponabustofPallasjustabovemychamberdoor-Perched,andsat,andnothingmore.我猛然推开窗户,心儿扑扑直跳就像打鼓,一只神圣往昔的健壮乌鸦慢慢走进我房间;它既没向我致意问候;也没有片刻的停留;而以绅士淑女的风度,栖在我房门的上面——栖在我房门上方一尊帕拉斯半身雕像上面——栖坐在那儿,仅如此这般。Thenthisebonybirdbeguilingmysadfancyintosmiling,Bythegraveandsterndecorumofthecountenanceitwore,`Thoughthycrestbeshornandshaven,thou,'Isaid,`artsurenocraven.Ghastlygrimandancientravenwanderingfromthenightlyshore-TellmewhatthylordlynameisontheNight'sPlutonianshore!'Quoththeraven,`Nevermore.'于是这只黑鸟把我悲伤的幻觉哄骗成微笑,以它那老成持重一本正经温文尔雅的容颜,“虽然冠毛被剪除”我说“但你肯定不是懦夫,你这幽灵般可怕的古鸦,漂泊来自夜的彼岸——请告诉我你尊姓大名,在黑沉沉的冥府阴间!”乌鸦答日“永不复述。”TheRaven论文1,TheRaven韵律中的快感与美感岳琳2,缠绵悱恻,哀凄幽婉---论埃德加~爱伦坡乌鸦之美余民顺,3,合理运用文体分析,深刻体会诗歌之———以埃德加~爱伦坡的乌鸦为例_张辉4,论乌鸦中的象征刘保安5,调动多种艺术挥洒诗人激情——评埃德加~爱伦坡~乌鸦的创作艺术郑晓春6,原型解读艾德加~爱伦~坡诗作乌鸦杨南翎7,幽韵浅唱夜半歌——析爱伦坡乌鸦中音韵节奏的表情寄意李会学8,天庭雅韵与鬼域悲音——济慈的夜莺颂与爱伦坡的乌鸦比较研究王萍9,论乌鸦的戏剧性刘保安10,厄运的先知,从神话原型理论看爱伦坡乌鸦中的乌鸦原型吴志芳11,爱伦坡以及他的乌鸦刘凤峨TheRaven1,TheRaven韵律中的快感与美感_岳琳