lecture2-1

LiteratureofReason&Revolution(1650-1810)----BirthofAmericanLiteratureReviewofLastWeek(1)1.Earlyinthe17thcentury,theEnglishsettlementsin----beganthemainstreamofwhatwerecognizeastheAmericannationalhistory.A.Virginia&PennsylvaniaB.Massachusetts&NewYorkC.Virginia&MassachusettsD.NewYork&PennsylvaniaReviewofLastWeek(2)2.ThefirstwritingthatwecallAmericanwerethenarrativesand----oftheearlysettlements.A.journalsB.poetryC.dramaD.Folklores3.Theearlyhistoryof----ColonywasthehistoryofBradford’sleadership.A.PlymouthB.JamestownC.NewEnglandD.BostonReviewofLastWeek(3)4.Theword“--①--”hasbeenusedtodescribedthecommunityofbelieverswhosailedfromSouthamptonEngland,onthe“--②--”andsettledinPlymouth,Massachusetts,in1620.①A.PuritansB.PilgrimsC.Separatists②A.SunflowerB.TitanicC.MayflowerExpectationsforSS•AcquirethegeneralideaabouttheliterarycurrentduringtheperiodofrevolutionaryAmerica;•Giveyourcommentson--thepersonofB.Franklin;--thestyleofAutobiography;--underwhatcircumstances,theDeclarationofIndependencewasdrafted.OutlineofLecture2Part1.Historical&ideologicaloverview---18th-centuryFrench&EnglishEnlightenment---18th-centuryAmericaPart2.BenjaminFranklin---theman&hiswritingsPart3.OtherleadingfiguresintheRevolution1.Overview:Historical,economical&ideologicalTheoriginal13BritishcoloniesConnecticut,Delaware,Georgia,Maryland,Massachusetts,NewHampshire,NewJersey,NewYork,North&SouthCarolina,Pennsylvania,Rhodeisland,VirginiaScattered,strugglingsettlementsintoneighboring,flourishingstatesNewAmsterdam(NewYork)in1660GreatInfluenceofEnlightenmentFromEngland&France,eg.Newton,Bacon,Locke,Hobbes,Voltaire,Swift,Pope,DefoeandRousseauetc.AmericanIndependentWar(1776-1783)Amongthe55foundingfathersofthenewnation,47wereentrepreneurs,4werelawyers,andtheother4wereeitherbankersoraccountants.WithB.Franklinasitsspokesman,18th-centuryAmericaexperiencedanageofenlightenment,ofreasonandorderlikeEnglandandEurope.AbouttheNorthwestTerritoryTheNorthwestOrdinanceof1787allowedforthecreationofasmanyasfivestatesinthenorthwestportionoftheOhioValleyonlinesoriginallylaidoutin1784byThomasJefferson.KnownasTheNorthwestTerritory,thenewfederallandswereeastoftheMississippi,andbetweentheOhioRiverandtheGreatLakes.AbouttheNorthwestTerritoryTheordinancedefinedtheboundariesofthestates,excludedslaveryandrequiredthat60,000inhabitantsbepresentforstatehood.MajorGeneralArthurSt.ClairwasappointeditsfirstGovernor.Ultimately,theterritorywasorganizedintothepresentstatesofOhio,Indiana,Illinois,MichiganandWisconsin.2.BenjaminFranklinAbouttheman---apoorboyinthefamilyof17---abrilliant,industriousandversatilemaneg.mind&will,talent&art,strength&ease,wit&grace…----“JackofAllTrades”i.e.aprinter,postmaster,almanacmaker,essayist,scientist,orator,statesman,philosopher,politicaleconomist,ambassador,parlorman2.BenjaminFranklin★HelpedfoundPennsylvaniaHospital&UniversityofPenn.★TheAmericanPhilosophicalSociety★AmericanVolunteerFireDepartment★NationalPostofficeSystem(DeputyPostmasterGeneral)★EfficientHeatingDevices★EffectiveStreetLighting★BifocalGlasses,lighteningrod★RecognitionwonfromtheRoyalSocietyofLondon2.BenjaminFranklinHispubliccareerbeganinhisearlyfifties,hewasoneofthemakersofthenewnation.a)MemberofthePenn.Assembly;b)18-yearrepresentativeofthecoloniesinLondon,protectingtheirinterestsintheEnglishcourt;c)BeeninstrumentalinbringFranceintoanalliancewithAmerica;d)TheonlyAmericantosignthe4documentsthatcreatedtheUnitedStates,i.e.DeclarationofIndependence,TreatyofAlliancewithFrance,TreatyofPeacewithEngland,theConstitution.BriefBiographyofBenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)Statesman,scientist,inventor,publisherofthePennsylvaniaGazette,authorofPoorRichard'sAlmanac,memberoftheContinentalCongressandtheConstitutionalConvention,signeroftheDeclarationofIndependence,firstU.S.PostmasterGeneral,AmericancommissionertoParis2.BenjaminFranklinAboutFranklin’swriting:Autobiography----afather’slettertohisson----aninspiringaccountofapoorboy’srisefromragstoriches----ahow-to-do-itbook----abookontheartofself-improvement----abookcelebratesthefulfillmentoftheAmericandreamAboutFranklin’swriting:AutobiographyThestyleofthebook----ApatternofPuritansimplicity,directnessandconcision.Theplainnessofitsstyle,thehomelinessofimagery,thesimplicityofdiction,syntaxandexpressionaresomeofthesalientfeatureswecannotmistake.Thestyleofthebook----Thelucidityofthenarrative,theabsenceofornamentsinwordingandofcomplex,involvedstructuresinsyntax,andthePuritanabhorrenceofparadoxarealldemonstratedhereandinthewholeofthebook.----Itistruethat,instyle,alettertohisson;buttakenasawhole,itissafetosaythatthisbookisanexemplaryillustrationoftheAmericanstyleofwriting.PoorRichards’sAlmanaca)Bewareoflittleexpenses;asmallleakwillsinkagreatship;b)Experiencekeepsadearschool,butafoolwilllearninnoother;c)Ifamanemptieshispurseintohishead,nomancantakeitawayfromhim.Aninvestmentinknowledgealwayspaysthebestinterest;d)Threemaykeepasecretiftwoofthemaredead;e)Glass,chinaandreputationareeasilycrackedandneverwellmended;f)Fishandvisitorsmellin3days;g)Onedayisworthtwotomorrows;h)Losttimeis