中国文化导读-复习PPT-习题-总结

Page1GeneralReview2012.5Page2Review-Words&ExpressionsConfucianism:core,code;benevolence仁;justice义;allegiance忠;forbearance忍,ethical德;thegoldenmean中庸,harmony;equilibrium平衡;Taoism:indigenous,doctrine,substance,conform,prolonged;MohismLegalismPage3Review-Words&ExpressionsMetaphysics形而上学:TheBookofChanges易经,intuition;Buddhist;samsara轮回Neo-Confucianism道学:Islam:prophet先知,pilgrim朝圣者,Allah真主（穆斯林信奉的神）Page4ahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend,thephilosophyinpre-Qintimes,theorthodoxphilosophyduringtheHandynasty,metaphysicsduringtheWeiandJindynasties,theBuddhistphilosophyduringtheSuiandTangdynasty,Neo-ConfucianisminSongandMingdynasties,applicationphylosophyintheMingandQingdynasties,ConfuciusandMencius,benevolenceandjustice,allegianceandforbearance,thedoctrineofthegoldenmean,non-action,threeprofoundstudies,theThreePureGods,EightTaoistImmortals,samsara,thedoctrineofFourNobleTruth,theEight-FoldPath,MosquePage5Quiz-MultipleChoices1.ConfucianismisaschoolofthoughtrepresentedbyConfuciusand_____.a.Laozib.Menciusc.Zhuxid.HanFeizi2._____isheEnglishwordfor“仁”,theveryimportantConfucianidea?a.justiceb.forbearancec.benevolenced.allegiancebcP18Page6Quiz-MultipleChoices3._____advocatestheprincipleof“achievinggoodgovernmentthroughnon-action”?a.Taoismb.Confucianismc.Legalismd.Mohism4.TheideathatHeavenaffectshumanaffairsandhumanbehaviourfindsresponsesinHeavenandthepoweroftheemperorsareauthorizedbyHeavenbecamepopularinthe_____dynasty.a.Weib.Hanc.Jind.QinabP19Page7Quiz-MultipleChoices5.“Opportunitiesvouchsafed惠赐byHeavenarelessimportantthanterrestrial地上的advantages,whichinturnarelessimportantthantheunityamongpeople.”Thiswellexpressedtheideathat_____wasthehighestprinciple.a.loveb.heavenc.harmonyd.allegiance6.Accordingto_____,peoplecanbecomeacelestialbeing仙人throughpracticingthereligion.a.Buddhismb.Islamc.Christianityd.TaoistreligiondcP21Page8Quiz-MultipleChoices7.BuddhismwasintroducedintoChinalongago,butduringthe_____dynasties,Buddhismentereditsgoldenage.a.SuiandTangb.JinandSuic.TangandSongd.SongandYuan8.TheFourSacredBuddhistMountainsinChinaare_____.a.MountWutai,MountEmei,MountHuangshan,andMountPutuob.MountJiuhua,MountEmei,MountHuashan,andMountPutuoc.MountWutai,MountEmei,MountHuangshan,andMountJiuhuad.MountWutai,MountEmei,MountJiuhua,andMountPutuodaP26P27Page9Quiz-MultipleChoices9.AccordingtoMuslims,Muhammadis_____.a.Godb.Allahc.aprophetd.aking10.Theideaof“Theworldischanging,transient易变的andunreal”isadvocatedby_____.a.Buddhismb.Confucianismc.Taoistreligiond.Metaphysics玄学AcP20P27Page10Quiz-Understandingoftheterms1）ahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend2）BanningallschoolsofthoughtexceptConfucianism3）HeavenaffectshumanaffairsandhumanbehaviourfindsresponsesinHeaven4）ThepoweroftheemperorsareauthorizedbyHeaven.5）Manisanintegralpartofnature.6）Thereisnothingoutsidethemindandnorationalismoutsidethemind7）Subjectiveconsciousnessistheoriginofallthingsintheworld.8）Topreferitisbetterthanonlytoknowit.Todelightinitisbetterthanmerelytopreferit.9）OpportunitiesvouchsafedbyHeavenarelessimportantthanterrestrialadvantages,whichinturnarelessimportantthantheunityamongpeople.10）WhentheEightImmortalscrossthesea,eachdemonstrateshis/herdivinepower.a.罢黜百家，独尊儒术；b.君权神授；c.心外无物，心外无理；d.知之不如好之，好之不如乐之；e.八仙过海，各显神通；f.百家争鸣；g.天人感应；h.天人合一；i.吾心便是宇宙；j.天时不如地利，地利不如人和。fagbhcidjePage11Quiz-Understandingoftheschoolofthought1）Confucianism2）Taoism3）Mohism4）Legalisma.Aschoolofthoughtespousinglayingdownlawstounifythethoughtofpeople,promotingagriculturetoachieveaffluence,wagingwarstogainstrengthandpower,andestablishingasystemofbureaucracy.b.Aschoolofthoughtadvocatingbenevolenceandjustice,allegianceandforbearance,thedoctrineofthegoldenmeanandvaluestheethicalrelationsofmen.c.AschoolofthoughtadvocatingthedoctrinethattheDaoistheprinciple.Apersonshouldliveasimplelife,nottostriveforwealth,fameorpower,whichwillonlygiveoneworriesandtrouble.d.Aschoolofthoughtadvocatingthatifallthepeopleintheworldloveoneanother,therewouldbenohatred,calamities,andhostilities.Italsoadvocateshonouringvirtuouspeople,opposingfatalismandaggressivewars.bcdaPage12Quiz-Blank-filling“It’struethatmyknowledgegoesnofurtherthanTheAnalects.IreliedononehalfofitconstantlyinassistingEmperorTaizutoconquerandstabilizethecountry;IcannowusetheotherhalftohelpYourMajestysecurepeaceandharmonyunderheaven.”Whosaidthis?_______________________________________TheGreatLearning,TheDoctrineoftheMean,TheWorksofMenciusand____________________arecalled“theFourBooks”(四书).TheAnalectsZhaoPu,primeministerinSongdynastyPage13Quiz-FindtheEnglishtranslationsfortheirChineseproverbs.1)君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。2)忠告而善道之，不可则止，毋自辱也。3）吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺七十而从心所欲不逾矩。４）君子和而不同，小人同而不和。５）君子泰而不骄，小人骄而不泰。６）吾尝终日不食，终夜不寝，以思，无益，不如学也。a.Advisethemtothebestofyourabilityandguidethemproperly,butstopwhenthereisnohopeofsuccess.Donotasktobesnubbed.b.Thegentlemanisdignified,butneverhaughty傲慢的;commonpeoplearehaughty,butneverdignified.c.Ioncespentawholedaywithoutfoodandawholenightwithoutsleep,inordertomeditate.Itwasnouse.Itisbettertolearn.d.Thetruegentlemanisconciliatory和解的butnotaccommodating.C