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（一）关于青少年与家庭single-parentfamily单亲家庭minors未成年人adolescent青春期的immature不成熟的peerpressure同辈人的压力foster=raise=bringupachild抚养孩子,spoil溺爱=indulge放纵runwild撒野goastray走上歧途juveniledelinquency青少年犯罪,obesity肥胖症depression抑郁症bullying恃强凌弱absenteeism=truancy逃学(playtruant)parentsareobligedtodo…父母有责任、义务去做。。。giveproperguidance父母的引导setexamplesforchildren为孩子树立榜样encourage鼓励motivate鼓舞helpbuildupconfidence帮助建立信心disciplinetheirchildren约束孩子well-bred有教养的actproperly行为得体（二）关于教育1,学习的好处:learnskills学习技能acquireknowledge学习知识enrichknowledge丰富知识widenhorizon开阔视野inspireinterest激发兴趣stimulateinterest激发兴趣layasolidfoundationforthefuture为将来打下坚实的基础2,学习上的问题:lackdiscipline缺少约束力/persistence毅力test-orientededucation应试型教育qualityeducation素质教育cramforexaminations突击考试rotelearning死记硬背Test-takingtechniques应试技巧3,学习的坏处:discouragecriticalthinking打击评判性思维studentsstopquestioningwhattheyarebeingtaught学生们不去质问他们学习的东西conducetoacademicperformance有助学习表现Adverselyinfluence负面地影响（动作）Exertadverse/unfavorableinfluenceon对。。。产生负面影响Creativity创造性Comeattheexpense/costofcreativity以牺牲创造力为代价Lower/raisethestandardof…降低了。。。的水平（三）关于工作adaptoneselfto…使自己适应…flowofpersonnel人才流动mechanismofpersonnelflow人才流动机制survivalofthefittest适者生存asenseofaccomplishment成就感potentiality潜能companyphilosophy企业文化team-workspirit团队合作精神aharmoniousinterpersonalrelationship和谐的人际关系asenseofresponsibility责任感materialgains物质待遇promisingfuture光明的前途achallengingjob一份具有挑战性的工作getadvancedinthesociety出人头地adecentjob一份体面的工作chanceofpromotion升迁机会stabilityandsatisfaction稳定感和满足感balanceworkandlife平衡工作和生活realizethevalueoflife实现人生价值seekforpersonaldevelopment追求个人发展displayone’stalent展示才能asenseofself-fulfillment自我实现感promotionopportunity提升机会meetone’spersonalizedneeds满足某人个性化需求defineone’srole确定自己的角色socialrecognition社会认可（四）关于交通automobileindustry汽车工业pollution-freefuel无污染燃料popularizationofcars汽车普及observetrafficregulations遵守交通规则breaktrafficregulations违反交通规则getstruckintraffic遇上堵车easethetrafficpressure缓解交通压力bottleneck交通堵塞地区settledowneffectivelaws制定出积极有效的法律enhancethequalityoflife提高生活质量payaheavyprice付出惨痛的代价promotethedevelopmentofrelativeindustries促进相关产业发展trafficengineering交通运输工程thenumberofcarownership汽车拥有量trafficaccidents交通事故energy-saving节能的（五）关于环境保护urbanization城市化centralization集中化imbalance不平衡infrastructure基础设施tertiaryindustry第三产业commercialization商业化waterscarcity水短缺theenvironmentalpollution环境污染over-industrialization过度工业化over-crowdedness过度拥挤socialinstability社会动荡urbanconstruction城市建设populationexplosion人口激增arisingcrimerate犯罪率上升drainofenergyandresources能源和资源消耗stress-relatedillnesses与压力有关的疾病socialwelfare社会福利urbansprawl城市扩张convenienttransportationmeans便捷的交通工具bettermedicalservices更好的医疗服务pressureofmodernlifeincity城市生活压力pollutant污染性物质wastedisposal废物处理sufferheavylosses遭受重大损失viciouscycle恶性循环afeasiblemeasure一种可行的措施cityplanners城市规划者（六）关于媒体massmedia大众媒体entertainment娱乐journalism新闻业thelatestnews最新消息exclusivenews独家新闻newsblockout新闻封锁newscensorship新闻审查freedomofthepress新闻自由coverage新闻报道newsworthy值得报道的livebroadcast直播quizshow智力竞争节目gameshow游戏节目varietyshow综合节目talkshow脱口秀sitcom情景喜剧soapopera肥皂剧moviestar电影明星celebrity名人fame名声fan粉丝invadeone’sprivacy侵扰了…的隐私misleading误导性的cheating欺骗性的popularity知名度scandal丑闻sensational轰动的audienceratings收视率propaganda宣传beabductedby受…诱导purifyone’ssoul净化心灵meetdifferenttastes满足不同口味followthefashionblindly盲目追逐时尚righttoknow知情权写作技巧===万能句一、引出现象的句型1.Theproblemofbeinghonesthascausedwidepublicconcernovertherecentyears.近些年，诚实的问题引起了关注。2.Thereisageneraldebateonthecampustodayoverthephenomenonofwasteoncampus.对于校园浪费这一现象，校园进行着广泛的争论。3.Whenitcomestowhethertheuniversitycampusshouldbeopentotourists,therearedifferentopinions.二、正文中的原因句型正文说明原因/提出建议1.Therearesomereasonsforowning(privatecars/personalcomputers).Tobeginwith...Next...Last...2.Thepossiblesolutionsofthissocialproblemdependonthreefactors.3.Hereareanumberof/avarietyofreasonsforit.Firstly,...Secondly,...Finally...不变的正面因素积极影响1.Withoutsth,ourlifewouldbecompletelydiversefromwhatwearelivingnow.2.Sth.canhelpusknowtheworldbetter,andtheycanopenourmindsandwidenourhorizons.3.Sth.enablesustogainanunexpectedexperiencethatismostusefulinourlife/job.不变的反面因素的消极影响1.Nodoubt,ifweignoretheissue,thereiseverychancethatwe/ourlife/oureconomy/oursocietywillbeputinjeopardy/danger（危险）.2.Sth.isseennotmerelyasanuisance,butalsoasabigthreattohappylife/theadvanceofsociety/theadvanceofeconomy.(……不仅是被看作讨厌的事情，而且还被认为是对……的严重威胁。)3.Ifitsnegativeimpactcannotbedealtwithtimely(及时地),theresultwillbesometimesdestructive.三、结尾句型文章的结尾应该遵循两条原则：一是总结全文，二是提出建议或展望。笼统的结尾句式A.单刀式1.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayfinallydrawtheconclusionthat…B.组合式Allinall/Inaword/Inshort/Onthewhole/Inbrief/Inconclusion,ifwetakeacarefulconsiderationofthereasonspresented(提出)above,itissafetodrawtheconclusionthattheadvantagesofsth.outweigh(比……更重要)itsdisadvantages.D.提出解决方案1.Inviewofsuchaserioussituation,fightingagainstthepiratedproductsismoreimportantthananytimebefore.考虑这样严重的状况，我们比任何时候都应该和盗版产品作斗争。2.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthisproblem,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenbeforethingsgetworst.考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。3.考虑到所有的因素，我们可以合理地得出结论：技术可能是好的，也可能是坏的，而这都取决于我们如何去利用它。Takingallthesefactorsintoaccount,wemayreas