2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料●模块四Unit1基础知识梳理(知识清单)一、词汇1.背诵词汇▲单词advertisev.做广告,宣传→advertisingn.做广告,广告活动,广告业→advertisementn.广告,广告宣传→advertisern.广告商amazedadj.大为惊奇→amazingadj.令人惊奇→amazev.使惊讶analysisn.分析,分析结果→analyzev.分析benefitv.使受益,得益于n.益处,救济金,奖金→beneficialadj.有益处的,有帮助的breathn.气息,呼吸→breathev.呼吸designern.设计者,设计师→designv.&n.设计determinev.确定,查明,决定,裁决→determinationn.确定,决定→determinedadj.有决心的,坚决的foolv.欺骗,愚弄n.傻瓜→foolishadj.愚蠢的→foolishnessn.愚蠢intelligencen.智力,才智,情报→intelligentadj.智力的,聪明persuadev.说服,劝说,使信服→persuasiveadj.说服力的,劝导性的→persuasionn.说服,劝服personallyadv.个别地,就本人而言,本人,亲自→personaladj.个人的,本人的→personn.人pleasedadj.高兴,满意,乐于(做某事)→pleasingadj.令人高兴的→pleasev.请poisonousadj.有毒的→poisonn.毒药promotev.推广,宣传,促销,促进,推动→promotionn.宣传,促进→promotern.策划者,推销者publishern.出版社,出版机构,出版人,发行人→publishv.出版shockvt.使震惊,使惊愕n.震惊,惊愕→shockedadj.令人惊讶的→shockingadj.使人惊讶的skilfuladj.有技巧的,熟练的→skilln.技巧urgevt.敦促,力劝,竭力主张n.强烈的欲望,冲动→urgentadj.紧急的→urgencyn.紧急youthn.年轻人,青年,青年时期,青春,朝气→youngadj.年轻的aimvt.&vi.以……为目标,瞄准n.目的,目标bargainn.便宜货,协议vt.讨价还价cheatvt.&vi.欺骗,作弊n.骗子,欺诈行为commentn.评论,评价vi.评论,议论consultvt.咨询,请教curevt.治愈,解决n.药物,疗法,对策fancyadj.精致的,绚丽的,奢华的n.空想,幻想,爱好,迷恋vt.想象,猜想multiplyvi.&vt.成倍增加,迅速增加,乘,乘以purchasevt.购买,采购n.采购,购买的东西reactvi.做出反应,回应recommendvt.推荐,建议,劝告,介绍targetn.目标,靶子vt.瞄准,以……为目标tipn.建议,提示,顶端,末梢,小费vt.&vi.(使)倾斜,倾覆,给小费trickn.骗局,玩笑,恶作剧,戏法,把戏,诀窍vt.欺骗,欺诈updatevt.&n.更新,提供最新信息,使现代化aspectn.方面,层面best-sellern.畅销书,畅销品bonusn.意外收获,奖金,额外津贴campaignn.运动(为了某种目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动)comprehensionn.理解力,领悟能力,理解练习drugn.毒品,药,药物essayn.论说文,小品文,(学生为某门课程写的)文章,短文eye-catchingadj.引人注目的innocentadj.清白的,无罪的,无恶意的,纯真的latestadj.最新的median.大众传播媒介,大众传播工具mentaladj.心理的,思想的,精神的,智力的nationwideadj.&adv.全国范围的(地),全国性的(地)recipen.烹饪法,食谱slaven.完全受……控制的人,奴隶senioradj.(高中或大学)毕业年级的,级别(或低位)高的n.高年级学生,毕业班学生,上司,年纪较长的人shinen.光亮,光泽welfaren.(个体或群体的)幸福、安全和健康,福利▲短语appealto吸引,引起兴趣,呼吁beamazedby/at对……感到惊讶beconcernedabout关心,挂念be/getusedto习惯于bemeantto旨在,目的是,打算believein相信comeacross偶尔遇到/碰到dealwith涉及,关于,处理,应对diefrom死于……discouragesb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事evenif/though甚至,即使fallfor上……的当,受……的骗figureout计算出,估计,理解,搞清楚foolsb.intodoingsth.欺骗某人做某事getsth.across把某事表达清楚giveup放弃playtrickson欺骗,捉弄provide…with…提供protect…from…保护……免受sharesth.withsb.与……分享shocksb.intodoingsth.警醒某人做某事forfree免费inadvance事先,预先,提前2.识记词汇▲单词airlinen.航空公司barn.条,棒,酒吧cancern.癌症CDn.光盘,激光唱片cigaretten.香烟,卷烟corporationn.(大)公司fingernailn.手指甲groceryn.杂货店lungn.肺motton.座右铭,格言,箴言packetn.小包,小盒postern.海报smokern.吸烟者→smokev.吸烟n.烟softwaren.软件tobaccon.烟草,烟叶yummyadj.味道好的,好吃的▲短语killoneself自杀upto多达二、句型1.非谓语动词作后置定语【教材原句】However,westillmustbeawareoftheskillfulmethodsusedinadstotryandsellusthings.(P2)但是我们仍然也改了理解广告中试图向我们兜售东西的常用技巧。2.“疑问词+不定式”结构【教材原句】ThereareevenPSAstoteachushowtolivehealthylives.(P3)甚至还有一些公益广告教我们如何健康地生活。3.Whenitcomesto句型【教材原句】Whenitcomestoadvertisements,wemustalluseourintelligenceandnotbeaslavetothem.(P3)谈及广告,我们都必须运用自己的智慧,不要做广告的奴隶!4.way做先行词+定语从句的句型【教材原句】TheinformationIfoundhasreallyhelpedmeeducateothersinthewaysinwhichcompaniespromotetheirproducts.(P5)我找到的信息以有助于公司推销产品的形式对我教育其他人大有帮助。三、语法复习本单元的Grammarandusage:直接引语和间接引语。一、直接引语和间接引语的定义直接引用别人的原话,并把它放在引号内。Hesaid,“Iamadoctor.”Shesaid,“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”用自己的话转述别人的话。Hesaidthathewasadoctor.ShesaidthatshelikedEnglishverymuch.二、将直接引语变间接引语时注意以下变化人称代词的变化一随主:直接引语中的第一人称代词随直接引语前的主语变化“Ihaven'tbroughtmydictionary.”thestudentsaid.→Thestudentsaidthathehadn'tbroughthisdictionary.二随宾:直接引语中的第二人称代词随直接引HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursister语前的宾语变化,now?”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.三不变:直接引语中的第三人称代词不用变化。Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker.”→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.时态的变化一般现在时→一般过去时注意:直接引语中如果讲的是客观真理,则一般现在时态不变Hesaid,“Igetupatsix.”→Hesaidhegotupatsix.Hesaidtohisson,“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”→Hetoldhissunthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.一般过去时→过去完成时注意:直接引语中如果有表明过去具体的时间的话,则一般过去时不变现在完成时→过去完成时注意:过去完成时→过去完成时Shesaid,“Ilostapentwodaysago→Shesaidshehadlostapentwodaysbefore.Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1977.”→Hesaidthathewenttocollegein1977.Shesaid,“Ihavelostapen.”→Shesaidshehadlostapen.Shesaid,“Mysonhadlearned500Englishwordsbytheageof5.”→Shesaidthathersonhadlearned500Englishwordsbytheageof5.现在进行时→过去进行时Heasked,“Isitraining?”→Heaskedifitwasraining.一般将来时→过去将来时Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.状语的变化时间状语的变化:now→thenago→beforetoday→thatdaythismorning→thatmorningyesterday→thedaybefore/theShesaid,“IvisitedEuropelastyear.”→ShesaidthatshehadvisitedEuropetheyearbefore.“I'llcomeagaintoday,”shesaid.→Shesaidthatshe'dcomeagainthatday.Hesaid,“Ispoketothemyesterday.”previousdayyesterdaymorning→themorningbeforetomorrow→thenext/followingdaylastweek/month→theweek/monthbeforesofar→bythenthisweek/month→thatweek/month→Hesaidhehadspokentothemthedaybefore.Thestudentssaid,“Wehavelearned3000wordssofar.”→Thestudentssaidtheyhadlearned3000wordsbythen.地点状语的变化:here→there,随之这个变化要把come改成go跟其类似的变化还有指示代词的变化this/these→that/thoseShesaid,“Iwon'tcomehereanymore.”→Shesaidthatshewouldn'tgothereanymore.句型的变化直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”→HeaskedJohnifheco