Lesson41Doyoucallthatahat?【Newwordsandexpressions】★rudeadj.无礼的(强调故意的)impoliteadj.不礼貌,表示没有注意到礼节性的问题,所以显得有些不礼貌(polite的反义词,以p开头的形容词的否定前缀为im)cheekyadj.无礼,没礼貌的(表示小孩对长辈)Don’tbecheeky!不得无礼!naiveadj.天真的★mirrorn.镜子lookatoneselfinthemirror照镜子lookupsth.inthedictionary查字典mirrorof………的写照,……的真实反映Hisnovelisamirrorofhistime.他的小说就是他那个时代的真实写照★holen.孔holein+地点……(地方)有个洞★remarkv.评说remark主要指说,当say来理解★remindv.提醒①vt.提醒remindsb.ofsth./remindsb.todosth./remindsb.that…提醒某人做某事Heremindedhiswifethattheyneededtobuysomecoffeeandsugar.②vt.使……想起Thesmellofcabbageremindsmeofschool.卷心菜的气味使我想起了学校。Sheremindsmeofhersister.remindern.提醒物【Text】'Doyoucallthatahat?'Isaidtomywife.'Youneedn'tbesorudeaboutit,'mywifeansweredasshelookedatherselfinthemirror.Isatdownononeofthosemodernchairswithholesinitandwaited.Wehadbeeninthehatshopforhalfanhourandmywifewasstillinfrontofthemirror.Wemustn'tbuythingswedon'tneed,'Iremarkedsuddenly.Iregrettedsayingitalmostatonce.'Youneedn'thavesaidthat,'mywifeanswered.'Ineedn'tremindyouofthatterribletieyouboughtyesterday.''Ifinditbeautiful,'Isaid.'Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.'Andawomancan'thavetoomanyhats,'sheanswered.Tenminuteslaterwewalkedoutoftheshoptogether.Mywifewaswearingahatthatlookedlikealighthouse!参考译文“你把那个叫帽子吗?”我对妻子说.“你说话没必要这样不客气,“我的妻子边回答边照着镜子.我坐在一个新式的满是网眼儿的椅子上,等待着.我们在这家帽店已经呆了半个小时了,而我的妻子仍在镜子面前.“我们不应该买我们不需要的东西,“我突然发表意见说,但马上又后悔说了这话.“你没必要这么说,“我妻子回答说,“我也不必提醒你昨天买的那条糟糕透了的领带.““我觉得它好看,“我说,“男人有多少领带也不会嫌多.““女人有多少帽子也不嫌多.“她回答.10分钟以后,我们一道走出了商店.我妻子戴着一顶像灯塔一样的帽子.【课文讲解】1、Doyoucallthatahat?“Doyoucallthat+(冠词)+名词”这个结构可以表达一种轻蔑的含义:Doyoucallthatahouse/adog?你把那个叫房子/狗吗?2、Youneedn'tbesorudeaboutit.berudeaboutsth.对事很粗鲁berudetosb.对人很粗鲁Don'tberudetome.别对我这么粗鲁3、Isatdownononeofthosemodernchairswithholesinitandwaited.onthechair在椅子上withholesinit作定语Janeputapieceofpaperwithhernameandaddressonitintoabottle.4、Wehadbeeninthehatshopforhalfanhourandmywifewasstillinfrontofthemirror.名词修饰名词,一般用单数:bookstore书店,drugstore药店,5、Iregrettedsayingitalmostatonce.regretdoingsth./名词/that从句后悔已经做了某事,表示对做过的事感到遗憾Didheregrethismistake?Inowregretleavingmycountry/thatIhaveleftmycountry.regrettodosth.表示对现在或将来要做的事感到对不起、遗憾,比besorrytodosth.要正式:Weregrettotellyouthatyouarenotwelcome.我很遗憾地告诉您,您不受欢迎。6、'Youneedn'thavesaidthat,'mywifeanswered.'Ineedn'tremindyouofthatterribletieyouboughtyesterday.'needn'thavedone原本不必做,但是做了,强调过去的动作不必做Youneedn'thaveboughtit.你原本不必买的Youneedn’thavecome.你原本不必来的。needn'tdo现在的动作也不必做Youneedn’tcome.你不必来。remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人想起某事7、'Ifinditbeautiful,'Isaid.动词find经常用于“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”这种结构:You’llfinditdifficult/easytomakeconversationwithher.Ifindthisbookveryinteresting.8、Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.cannever…too…=cannot…too…无论……也不为过Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.再多的领带对一个男人来说也不为过(男人有多少领带也不会嫌多)。Icanneverthankyoutoomuch.感激不尽。Drinkingwatercanneverbetooclean.饮用水越干净越好。Awifecannevercomplaintoomuch.妻子怎么罗嗦也不为过。Youcan’tbetoocarefulindoingyourwork.你工作越小心越好。【Keystructures】Must,Have(got)toandNeed情态动词must(必须,不得不)的否定式mustn't(不能、不准),must还可用于表示推测:①对现在和将来的推测:must+动词用原形②对正在发生的事情的推测:mustbedoing③对过去的推测:musthavedone④对过去正在发生的事情的推测:musthavebeendoing用must的一般疑问句可以用must/haveto或needn’t来回答,而不用mustn’t:MustIsetoffnow?Yes,youmust/haveto.No,youneedn’t.mustn’t表示绝对禁止,在说话人看来,根本没选择余地:Youmustn’tusethatbicycle.It’sbroken.“不必要”可用needn’t,don’thaveto来表示:needn’t=don’thavetoneedn’thavedone=didn’thavetoYouneedn’t/don’thavetoworksuchlonghours.英语中的need有两种词性,一个是普通动词(需要),一种是情态动词。need的否定形式对应也有两种:needn't不必(情态动词need的否定);don'tneed不需要(普通动词need的否定)。needI...?(情态)/doIneed...?实义动词在实义动词后面再加一个实义动词,就在后面加todoNeedIgoout?=DoIneedtogoout?我需要出去吗?Youneedn’thavetoldmethat.Iknowitis.情态动词后面不能直接用名词做宾语,实义动词后面可以直接加名词,故need后面如是名词,则这个need为实义动词例:He__c__followme.adoesn’tneedbneedn’ttocdidn’tneedtodneeds情态动词need后接动词原形,但只用于否定和疑问句,肯定句用must,haveto,oughtto或should。need用于疑问句时,问者往往希望得到否定的回答:Needyouleavesosoon?你有必要这么早就走吗?用need的一般疑问句的肯定形式的回答可以用must/hadto,否定形式的回答可以用needn’t:NeedItypethisletteragain?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.Needyouhavetoldhimaboutmyplans?Yes,Ihadto./No,Ineedn’thave.表示必要时,must的语气比need要强:Imustgotothedentistthismorning.这种句型可用来表示说话人让对方选择或允许对方可以不做某事的主观意图。它的完成式和过去式分别为needn’thave,didn’thaveto和didn’tneedto:Ineedn’thavegonetotheofficeyesterday.Ididn’thaveto/didn’tneedtogototheofficeyesterday.needdoingsth.需要被做(用主动表达被动含义)①这里need属于实义动词,动词ing相当于名词来理解②有时态和人称变化,否定式为:don’tneeddoing③needdoing表达被动含义,如:Yourshoesneedwashing.你的鞋子需(被)洗了另外wantdoing也是用主动表示被动含义,它们的主语一定是物,不是人Yourhairneedscutting.needtobedone---主语是人,也可以是物Thechildneedtobe…对比mustn't和needn't:Youmustn’treaditbed.It’sbadforyoureyes.(bebadfor…对……有害)Smokingisbadforyourhealth.抽烟有害你的健康Youmustn'tmakeanoise.Thechildrenareasleep.你不应吵闹,孩子们都睡了.Youneedn'tdrivesoquickly.Wehaveplentyoftime.你不必开得那么快,我们有足够的时间.=Youdon'thaveto(haven'tgotto)drivesoquickly.Wehaveplentyoftime.Youmustn'tsmokeinatheatre.Itisforbidden.你不应该在剧场里抽烟,这是不允许的.Youneedn'tcomewithusifyoudon'twantto.如果你不想去,你不必和我们一道去.=Youdon'thaveto(haven'tgotto)comewithusifyoudon'twantto.【SpecialDifficulties】Remark,ObserveandNoticeremark与observe都可以表示“说,评论说”,它们比say要正式:‘You’relookingverywell!’Sheremarked/observed.notice和observe都可以表示“注意到,察觉到”,但有一定区别。notice指无意中“察觉到”;observe则可以指有意观察、仔细地