六种英语基本句型详细讲解

1英语简单句5种基本基本句型简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来。一、句型1：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。egThebirdsareflying那些鸟在飞。Thingschange事物是变化的。Nobodywent没有人去。练习：汉译英1)LiMingworksveryhard.李明学习很努力。2)Thesunwasrising.3)Springiscoming.4)I'lltry.5)Weallbreathe,eat,anddrink.6)Didyousleepwelllastnight？7)Thebooksellswell.8)Theenginebrokedown.9)Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。10)Wehavelivedinthecityfortenyears.11)LucyandMarygetupearlyeverymorning.12)XiaoLiwenttobedassoonashecamehome.小李回家后,立刻就睡觉了。13)I'llgowhenIhavehadmydinner.我吃了饭就去。14)Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.15)TheyhadtalkedforhalfanhourwhenIcamein.16)Hisparentshaveworkedinthefactoryformorethantenyears.17)Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat．18)Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus．19)Shesattherealone，readinganovel．20)Hecamebackwhenwewereeating．21)Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake.二、句型2：Subject(主语)＋Link.V(系动词)＋Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等。如：1)Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。2)Helookedworriedjustnow.刚才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become,turn,get,grow,go等。如：1)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。2)Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.这棵树比以前长得高多了。练习：汉译英1)Thedinnersmellsgood.2)Everythinglooksdifferent.3)Hefellasleep.4)ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.5)Heisgrowingtallandstrong.26)Mr.Brownisanengineer.7)Hisfaceturnedred.8)Graduallyhebecamesilent.(形容词做表语)9)Sheremainedstandingoutsideforahour.(现在分词做表语)10)Thequestionremainedunsolved.(过去分词做表语)11)Themachineisoutoforder.(介词短语做表语)12)Thetelevisionwason.(副词做表语)13)Hisplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.(动词不定式做表语)14)Myjobisrepairingcars.(动名词做表语)15)Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.(从句做表语)16)I'mhappytomeetyou.17)Theyarewillingtohelp.18)Wefeelusedtolivinginbigcities．19)Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields．20)Theirbossseemssatisfiedwiththework．三、句型3：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Object(宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：1)Hetookhisbagandleft.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。2)LiLeialwayshelpsmewhenIhavedifficulties.(代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。3)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。4)Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。练习：汉译英1)Whoknowstheanswer?2)Heenjoysreading.3)Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.4)HesaidGoodmorning.5)Iwanttohaveacupoftea.6)Doyouknowthesepeople(them)？(名词或代词做宾语)7)Ican'texpressmyselfinEnglish.(反身代词做宾语)8)Wecan'taffordtopaysuchacomputer.(不定式做宾语)9)Wouldyoumindwaitingafewminutes？(动名词做宾语)10)Headmitsthathewasmistaken.11)Tommadeaholeinthewall．12)Idon’tknowifhecancometomorrow．13)Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretogonext．14)ShestoppedteachingEnglishtwoyearsago．15)Ittookthemtenyearstobuildthebridge．16)Motherpromisestogivemeapresent．17)Iwrotealetterlastnight.18)Iwanttohaveatalkwithyouthisafternoon.19)Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.20)Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully．321)Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently．四、句型4：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirectobject(间接宾语)＋Directobject这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。如：1)Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。2）TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为：1）Herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.2）TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriesabouttheheroestothechildrenintheLongMarch.练习：汉译英1).Hehandedmealetter./Hehandedalettertome.2)Shegavemehertelephonenumber./Shegavehertelephonenumbertome.3)Shesangusafolksong./Shesangafolkforus.4)Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal./Shecookedadeliciousmealforherhusband.5)Sheorderedherselfanewdress.6)Hebroughtyouadictionary.7)Ishowedhimmypictures.8)Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.9)Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.10)MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear．11)Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight．12)Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?13)ShallIcallyouataxi?五、句型5：Subject(主语)＋Verb(动词)＋Object(宾语)＋Complement(补语)这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：1）Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）2)Wemadehimourmonitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。3)Hisfathertoldhimnottoplayinthestreet.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。4）Myfatherlikestowatchtheboysplayingbasketball.(现在分词)5)YesterdayIhadapicturetakenwithtwoAmericans.(过去分词)●常见的动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,wouldlike,order,force,allow等。●注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：1)Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.老板让他整天做那项工作。2)Iheardhersinginthenextroomallthetimelastnight.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上练习：汉译英1)Thesunkeepsuswarm．2)Iheardhimsinging．3)Youmustgetyourhaircut．4)TheymadeTommonitor．45)WecallherAlice．6)Allofusconsideredhimhonest．7)Theyhavesetthethieffree．8)Iwantyoutotellmethetruth．9)Theofficerorderedustoleaveatonce．10)Theypaintedthedoorgreen.11)Wesawhimout.1)Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.2)Isawthemgettingonthebus.六、句型6：Therebe句型说明：此句型是由“there＋be＋主语＋状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语