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独是迷人的------EmilyDickinson(1830–1886)孤“IfIreadabookanditmakesmywholebodysocoldnofireevercanwarmme,Iknowthatispoetry.IfIfeelphysicallyasifthetopofmyheadweretakenoff,Iknowthatispoetry.”---EmilyDickinson•December10,1830---May15,1886---BorninAmherst,Massachusetts•Publishedlessthan10poemsbeforeherdeath.---Livinganunknownlife.---After70yearsofherdeath,shebegantoreceiveseriousattentionoftheliterary.---Beingconsideredapioneerinmodernpoetposthumously.AlongwithWhitman,beingregardedasoneofthegreatestAmericanpoets.LifeWorksPoem’sThemesWritingFeaturesFamilybackground:-TheDickinsonfamilywasprominentinAmherst.Educationalbackground:-ReceivedagoodeducationandattendedtheAmherstAcademyaswellasSouthHadleyFemaleSeminary.–InEmily'sentirelife,shetookonetriptoPhiladelphia(duetoeyeproblems),onetoWashington,andafewtripstoBoston.–Duringherjourneys,Emilymetthreeveryinfluentialmenthatwouldbesourcesofinspirationandguidance:CharlesWadsworth,ThomasHigginsonandBenjaminNewton.ThreeimportantmanBenjaminNewton,ayounglawyer,whoimprovedherliteraryandculturaltastes.Shereferstohim“afriend,whotaughtmeimmortality”.Hedirectedhertointellectualindependenceandultimatelytopoetry.(Emilywas18)CharlesWadsworth,amarried,ministerwhoprovidedherwithintellectualchallengeandcontactwiththeoutsideworld.Dickinsonfeltanaffectionforhimthathecouldnotreturn.(Emilywas24)ThomasHigginson,apoetrycriticforTheAtlanticMonthly,wholaterhelpedgatheringherpoemsforpublications.(Emilywas33)•Shealwaysworewhite.•Knownforbeingarecluse,shedidn’tleaveherfamily’shomesteadforanyreasonafterthelate1860’s.•Theonlycontactshehadwithfamilywasinwhimsical,epigrammaticletters.•Dickinsonseldomleftherhouseandvisitorswerescarce.•Beingfeltpainfulfromunrequitedlove,sheremainedisolatedandsingle.Afterherfather’sdeathDickinson’sDressHerfamily’shomesteadDickinsonwroteandsentthispoem(ARoutetoEvanescence)toThomasHigginsonin1880.(1)ThesearetheDaysWhenBirdsComeBack这是鸟儿们归来的日子(2)BecauseICouldn’tStopforDeath因为我不能等待死亡(3)TheMagicBook神奇的书(4)WeHaveBeeninLove我们一直在爱(5)WildNights–WildNights风暴之夜—激情之夜(6)I'MNobody!Whoareyou?我是无名之辈!你是谁?•HigginsonadvisedDickinsonnottogetherpoetrypublishedbecauseofherviolationofcontemporaryliteraryconvention.•HelenJacksontriedtoconvincehertogetherworkpublishedbutherrequestswereunsuccessful.•SheneverapprovedofpublishingherpoemsandrequestedhersisterLaviniatodestroyallofherpomesafterherdeath.•Beforeherdeath,onlysevenpoemswerepublished.Butafterherdeath,hersisterfoundthatsheleftalargenumberofpoems,altogether,itwasabout1800poems.•AfterDickinson’sdeath,hersister,Lavina,hadEmily’spoetrypublishedandthenburnttheoriginalcopies,becausethatwashersister’swish.basedonherownexperiences:joys,sorrowsandimagination.(1)religion–doubtandbeliefaboutreligioussubjects(2)deathandimmortality(3)love–sufferingandfrustrationcausedbylove(4)physicalaspectofdesire(5)nature–benevolent(kind)andcruel(6)freewillandhumanresponsibilityDickinson'sreligiouspoemsIsHeavenaPhysician？（天堂是个医生吗？）TheysaythatHecanheal（他们说他能治病；）ButMedicinePosthumous（但死后的医药）Isunavailable（是无用的。）IsHeavenanExchequer？（天堂是个国库吗？）Theyspeakofwhatweowe（他们说起我们欠的债；）Butthatnegotiation（可那谈判）I’mnotaPartyto.（我没有参加。）“Heaven”――iswhatIcannotreach！（天堂――是我无法企及的地方！）TheAppleontheTree（树上的苹果）Provideditdohopeless――hang（若只是无助地――挂着）That――“Heaven”is――toMe！（那――对于我――就是天堂！）TheColor，ontheCruisingCloud（颜色，在漂浮的云彩上）TheinterdictedLand（禁地）BehindtheHill――theHousebehind（在山那边――屋后）There――Paradise――isfound！（在那里――天堂――被发现！）Herdeathandimmortalitypoems-----BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeathEmilyDickinsonBecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath--Hekindlystoppedforme--TheCarriageheldbutjustOurselves--AndImmortality.Weslowlydrove--HeknewnohasteAndIhadputawayMylaborandmyleisuretoo,ForHisCivility--WepassedtheSchool,whereChildrenstroveAtRecess--intheRing--WepassedtheFieldsofGazingGrain--WepassedtheSettingSun--Orrather--Hepassedus--TheDewsdrewquiveringandchill--ForonlyGossamer,myGown--MyTippet--onlyTulle--WepausedbeforeaHousethatseemedASwellingoftheGround--TheRoofwasscarcelyvisible--TheCornice--intheGround--Sincethen--'tisCenturies--andyetFeelsshorterthantheDayIfirstsurmisedtheHorses'HeadsWeretowardEternity--TheartisticfeaturesofDickinson’swriting•Herpoetryisuniqueandunconventionalinitsownway.•Herpoemshavenotitles,hencearealwaysquotedbytheirfirstlines.•Inherpoetrythereisaparticularstresspattern,inwhichdashes(破折号)areusedasamusicaldevicetocreatecadence(韵律)andcapitallettersasameansofemphasis.•Mostofherpoemsborrowtherepeatedfour-line,rhymedstanzasoftraditionalChristianhymns（圣歌）,withtwolinesoffour-beatmeteralternatingwithtwolinesofthree-beatmeter.•Amasterofimagerythatmakesthespiritualmaterializeinsurprisingways.•Simpleform:Sheusedimperfectrhymes,subtlebreaksofrhythm,andidiosyncratic（特殊癖好的）syntaxandpunctuationtocreatefascinatingwordpuzzles,whichhaveproducedgreatlydivergentinterpretationsovertheyears.•Dickinson’sirregularorsometimesinvertedsentencestructureconfusesreaders.•brevity,directnessandplainness.•Herpoemsareusuallyshort,rarelymorethantwentylines,andmanyofthemarecenteredonasingleimageorsymbolandfocusedononesubjectmatter.•variety,