英美文化概况

PhysicalGeography1.GeneralIntroduction1.1Geographicalposition1.2Fourpoliticaldivisions2.GeographicalFeatures地理特征3.RiversandLakes4.Climate1.GeneralIntroduction1.1Geographicalposition:NorthAtlanticOceanNorthSeaNorwayDenmarkEnglishChannelTheRepublicofIrelandNetherlandsFranceTwoislands:big–“(Great)Britain”(大)不列颠岛;small–“Ireland”爱尔兰岛U.K.=Britain+NorthernIreland(northernpartofIreland)英国=(大)不列颠岛+北爱尔兰（爱尔兰岛北部地区）“Ireland”=theRepublicofIreland+NorthernIreland爱尔兰岛=爱尔兰共和国+北爱尔兰Fullname:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(Britain/GreatBritain/UKforshort)Totalarea:245,000squarekilometers/9,600,0001.2FourPoliticalDivisions:England英格兰Capital:London伦敦Area:+50%History:Itdominatedtheotherthreedivisions.Wales威尔士Capital:Cardiff卡迪夫Area:-10%History:itwasconqueredbytheKingofEngland,EdwardI,inthe14thCNorthernIreland北爱尔兰Capital:Belfast贝尔法斯特Area:-10%History:IrelandwasconqueredbyEnglandinthe17thCScotland苏格兰Capital:Edinburgh爱丁堡Area:-30%History:ScottishKingJamescoronatedastheEnglishKingafterthedeathofEnglishQueenElizabethIin16032.GeographicalFeaturesGeneralSurvey:HighlandinScotlandandWales;LowlandinthesoutheastofEnglandEngland:highinthenorth(Pennines奔宁山脉,thebackboneofEngland);lowinthesoutheastScotland:highland高原(BenNevis-thehighestmountaininBritain);lowinthemiddle(midlandvalley中部山谷低地;Edinburgh爱丁堡-captical;Glasgow-largestcityinScotland;75%population,farmland)Wales:hillsandmoorland丘陵和高沼地NorthernIreland:LowaroundLoughNeagh(内伊湖thelargestlake);Highalongthenorthernrockycoastline(TheGiant’sCauseway巨人堤)3.RiversandLakesRivers:RiverClyde克莱德,themostimportantinScotlandRiverSevern塞文河(355km),thelongestintheUKRiverThames泰晤士河(336km),thesecondlongestbutthemostimportantriverinUK,runningthroughLondonIndustrialRevolution;pollution;1960s;20years;2000billionpoundsLakes:LoughNeagh:locatedinNorthernIreland,thelargestlakeinUKLakeDistrict:15lakesradiatingintheshapeofawheelbeautifulrocksceneryLakePoets湖畔诗人-WilliamWordsworth华兹华斯inthe19thCentury,apassiveromanticpoet消极浪漫主义诗人4.ClimateMaritimeclimate:changeable,unpredictableplentifulandsteadyrainfall:drizzlethroughhalfofdaysofayearmoderatetemperature(0C—30C):Wintersarenottoocold;summersarenottoohotFactors:Watersurroundingthecountry（环水）Prevailingsouth-westwinds(四季盛行的西南风)NorthAtlanticDrift,warmcurrent（北大西洋暖流）SpecialweathershapesthespecialcultureandthespecialcharacterofEnglishman.