跨文化作业9

Chapter9InterculturalAdaptationCase521.WhatpreventsWuLianfromunderstandinghernativespeakingclassmatesdespitehergoodlanguageskills?Becausetheyusealotofslang,makejokesthatshedoesn’tunderstand,andconveymuchoftheirmeaningwithsubtlegesturethatshecan’tdecode.2.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutthewayofAmerican’spartying?“partying”aresocialactivitiesheldingeneralforfun.3.Whatcausedhersomanytroubles?Whenshegotletterfromherparentsandfriends,whatsheactuallygotwasnotonlycaringbutalsopressure.Sheisnotaccustomedtothefoodthere,peoplethereseemtobeverystrangeinhereyes.Shenotonlydevotesmuchofhertimeinstudying,butalsolivesaloneinatotallystrangeplace.TextA1.Whatisacculturation?Itisthetermusedtodescribewhathappenswhenpeoplefromonecultureenteradifferentculture.Itreferstoanindividual’slearningandadoptingthenormsandvaluesofthenewhostculture.Thisindividualmustfindanewsourceoflivelihoodandbuildanewlife.Thisisadaptationtothenewhostcultureiscalledacculturation.2.Whatarethetwoprocessesonwhichanindividual’slevelofacculturationdepends?ThedegreetowhichthepersonapproachesoravoidsinteractionwiththehostcultureThedegreetowhichtheindividualmaintainsorrelinquisheshisorhernativeculture’sattributes3.Whatarethefourmodesofacculturation?Itincludesassimilation,integration,separationandsegregation,andmarginalization.4.Whatisthedistinguishedfeatureforeachofthefourmodesofacculturation?1.Assimilationisaprocessinwhichmembersofanethnicgroupareabsorbedintothedominantculture,losingtheircultureintheprocess.2.Sometimes,somepeopledesireahighlevelofinteractionwiththehostculturewhilemaintainingidentitywiththeirnativeculture.3.Whenindividualspreferlowlevelofinteractionwiththehostcultureandassociatedwithmicrocultturalgroupswhiledesiringacloseconnectionwith,andreaffirmationof,theirnativeculture.5.Whatarethefactorsthatmayaffectinterculturaladaptationandacculturation?Communication：personalcommunication,socialcommunicationHostenvironment:hostreceptivity,hostconformitypressure,ethnicgroupstrengthPredisposition:preparedness,ethnic,personalityCase531.HowdoyouinterpretthepurposeoftheChinesegirlsstartingaconversationwiththesetwoWesternguysfromtheinterculturalperspective?ShejustwantedtopracticeheroralEnglish.2.WhatintendedattitudesdothetwoWesternguysholdtowardtheChinesegirl?Theydonotwanttotalkwithher.Whenshecontinuesthisconversation,whattheyrespondedtoherseemedtobeajokeforfun.TextB1.Whatiscultureshock?Itreferstothetraumaticexperiencethatandindividualmayencounterwhenenteringadifferentculture.Cultureshockisvirtuallyacommunicationproblemwhichinvolvesthedepressedfeelingsaccompanyingalackofunderstandingoftheverbalandnonverbalcommunicationofthehostculture,itscustoms,aswellasitsvaluesystems.2.Whatproducescultureshock?Thingstakenforgrantedathomeneedvirtuallytobeconstantlymonitoredinthenewcultureinordertoassuresomedegreeofunderstanding.Thelossofpredictability,accompaniedbyfatiguethatresultsfromtheneedtostayconsciously,producesthesymptomsofcultureshock.3.Whatarethetwodirectionsthatcultureshockmayleadto?Positiveeffects:cultureshockmaycontributetoindividualgrowth.Cultureshockmaypromoteseveralbeneficialoutcomesforsojourners.Negativeeffects:first,affectively,cultureshockconstitutesamisbalancingexperience.Second,cognitivelyandperceptually,asetofdesirableorproperbehaviorsinoneculturemightbeconsideredbizarreinanother.4.Whydoindividualsdiffergreatlyinthedegreeinwhichcultureshockaffectsthem?Asatransientexperience,cultureshockcanbeviewedasatransitionalprocessofmovementinwhichsojournersgraduallybecomeawareofandbegintoadjusttoculturaldifferencesinanewenvironment.Case541.WhydoestheAmericanstudentfeelthatheisafishoutofwater?Becausehefeelsthatallormostofhisfamiliarcueinhiscultureareremoved.2.Doyouthinkhisremarkissuitable?Why?No,Ithinkhisremarkisnotsuitable.Becauseitisnormalthatwecan’tadaptanewplacewhenwecometothisplacefirstly,butgradually,Iwillfeelbetterwiththeknowledgeofthelocalculture.TextC1.Whatisinterculturaladaptation?Itrefersbroadlytotheprocessofincreasingourleveloffitnesstomeetthedemandsofanewculturalenvironment.Itdealswithhowsojournersornewimmigrantsexperiencethedistresscausedbymismatchesorincompatibilitybetweenthehostcultureandthecultureofbirth.2.Whatarethestagesofinterculturaladaptation?Whatarethemaincharacteristicsofeachstage?U-curvePattern:TheprocessofinterculturaladaptationcanbedescribedbyaU-curvepattern,withhigheffectinitially,followedbyadropinsatisfaction,andendingwithaperiodofrecoveryandfulladjustment.Itincludeshoneymoonperiod,crisisperiod,adjustmentperiod,andbiculturalismperiod.W-curvePattern:Itcanbeextendedtodescribetheprocessofreservecultureshockorreentryshock.3.WhatisthemaindifferencebetweentheU-curvepatternandW-curvepattern?Ifsojournersdecidetoremaininthehostnation,theadaptationprocessusuallyendsattheU-curvepattern.But,ifsojournersplantoreturntotheirhomecountries,theymayfaceasimilarprocessofadaptationtotheirowncultures.Case551.WhydoyouthinkJohnhassuchkindoffeelings?Becausethedifferenceofthetwocitiesleadstothelifetherewithdifference.2.CanyougiveJohnsomeadviceonhowtodealwithsuchreverseculture