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110003。、。TV641X171．1A1001-9235201503-0107-04。1928ICOLD15m5～15m300m3450001。129501000Proserpina17、181－2。18901900。1935221m2－4。201001970—197520。80%2200063904000120010001。13%。19%。2015-05-26檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶檶106ManasiＲiverBasinWaterQualityEvaluationwithImprovedNemerowIndexMethodHUANGDan(XinjiangChangyuanWaterＲesearchInstitute，UrumqiXinjiang830091，China)Abstract:UsingamodifiedNemerowPollutionIndexforevaluatingManasＲiverBasinsurfacewaterquality，theresultsshowthatinthreewaterperiod(wet，dryandflat)ofeachmonitoringsection，theworstwaterqualityoccurinthewetperiod.;ManasＲiverWaterQualityisthebestinthefourmonitoringsections，Moguhuwaterqualityistheworst，itsnemerowpollutionvaluescloseto4;Infivewa-terqualityassessmentindicators，petroleumandBOD5aretheworstexceededevaluationfactorsinthestudyarea.TheoverallevaluationgradeinthestudyareaareⅣofthreewaterperiod.Keywords:Improvednemerowpollutionindex;Basinwaterqualityevaluation;ManasＲiver701doi10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2015.03.03020153·PEAＲLＲIVEＲ590220080hm25。1949519622。201982。201100～1700250～32020%～25%。19956。19947。、、。175m100。8。20902001、、、。7。22.12.1.1a。。、。10℃2℃/m。b。1100km36600t。。。。c。。d。pH。、、、、。。。2.1.2a。。b。。。c。。。。d。9－10。2.22.2.1a。。。。b。801。Hume200km。、。c。。、。。。。。d。。。。。5～8m240m。2.2.2a。、。Eildon、。b。。30Vir88%。c。。。Kariba。。。d。。。9－11。2.3、。。12。33.121380km35013。WCD“”1。14。3.220。50030199815。901。50。、。3.3—CDM0.1W16。。1WorldCommissiononDamsWCD.DamsandDevelopmentANewFrameworkforDecision－makingM.LondonEarthscanPublicationsLtd.2000.2TortajadaC.AltinbilekD.BiswasA.K.ImpactsofLargeDamsAGlobalAssessmentM.BerlinSpringer－Verlag2012..3ScudderT.TheFutureofLargeDamsDealingwithSocialEnvi-ronmentalInstitutionalandPoliticalCostsM.LondonEarth-scanPublicationsLtd.2005.4McCullyP.SilentＲiversTheecologyandpoliticsoflargedamsEnlargedandupdatededitionM.LondonZedBooksLtd.2001.5.M.2004.6NüsserM.LargeDamsinAsiaContestedEnvironmentsbetweenTechnologicalHydroscapesandSocialＲesistanceM.DordrechtSpringerScience2014.7WangP.DongS.LassoieJ.P.TheLargeDamDilemmaAnEx-plorationoftheImpactsofHydroProjectsonPeopleandtheEnviron-mentinChinaM.DordrechtSpringerScience2014.8WuJHuangJHanX.etal.Three－GorgesDam－experimentinhabitatfragmentationJ.Science2003300123912409McCartneyM.P.SullivanC.Acreman.M.C.EcosystemImpactsofLargeDamsM.BackgroundPaperNr.2PreparedforIUCN/UNEP/WCD2001.10BergkampGMcCartneyMDuganPetal.Damsecosystemfunctionsandenvironmentalrestoration.ThematicreviewIIM.PreparedasaninputtotheWorldCommissiononDamsCapeTown2000.11SchleissA.J.BoesＲ.M.DamsandＲeservoirsunderChangingChallengesM.BocaＲatonTaylor＆FrancisGroup2011.12McAllisterD.E.CraigJ.F.DavidsonN.etal.BiodiversityImpactsofLargeDamsM.BackgroundPaperNr.1PreparedforIUCN/UNEP/WCD2000.13GleickP.H.TheWorld’sWater.Volume8TheBiennialＲeportonFreshwaterＲesourcesM.WashingtonIslandPress2014.14EcclestonC.H.EnvironmentalimpactassessmentaguidetobestprofessionalpracticesM.BocaＲatonCＲCPress2010.15DarbyS.SearD.ＲiverrestorationmanagingtheuncertaintyinrestoringphysicalhabitatM.ChichesterJohnWiley＆SonsLtd2008.16TremblayA.VarfalvyL.ＲoehmC.etal.GreenhouseGasE-missions－FluxesandProcessesHydroelectricＲeservoirsandNat-uralEnvironmentsM.BerlinSpringer－Verlag2005.DevelopmentHistoryofLargeDamsandItsImpactsonEco－environmentCAIDawei(BureauofSoilandWaterConservationofLiaoningProvince，LiaoningShenyang，110003，China)Abstract:Largedamsareoneofmeasuresforwaterusebyhumanbeing，anditsdevelopmentisrelatedtohumancivilization.Thispa-per，onthebasisofoverviewofinternationaldefinitionoflargedamanditsdevelopmenthistory，analyzesthemainimpactsofconstruc-tionandoperationoflargedamsoneco－environmentofupstreamanddownstreamaswellasbiodiversityofriverecosystem，thefuturetrendsoflargedamsarediscussedasimplementingstrictlyenvironmentalimpactassessmentforplannedlargedams，andstrengtheningresearchesontheimpactsofdamdecommissioningonriverecosystemrestorationandonthefeedbackmechanismbetweentheconstruc-tionoflargedamsandglobalclimatechange，whichwillensuretheminimizationofthenegativeimpactsofalltheproceduresrelatedtoconstruction，operationandmanagementoflargedamsoneco－environment.Keywords:largedams;rivereco－environment;biodiversity;developmenthistory;futuretrends011