中译英技巧-谓语动词的选择 第二讲

第七章谓语动词选择一．所选择谓语应该在人称和数上与主语一致1.在西方，吃饭用的是刀和叉。Inthewest,forkandknifeisusedforhavingdinner.2.面包和牛奶是少数政府不打税的东西。Breadandmilkisoneofthefewthingsthatthegovernmentdonotimposetaxeson.当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。Vocationaleducationandadulteducationarebeingpushedonenergeticallyinourcountry.二．所选择的谓语必须保持事态与原文语义相结合1.他做实验时心不在焉，几乎引起化学药物爆炸。Hisabsent-mindednessduringtheexperimentsnearlycausedanexplosionofthechemical.2.他过去那副尊容，只要你见过一次，无论什么时候你都不会忘记。Hehadafacethatisunforgettableonceitisseen.三．所选择的谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当。1.实事求是地说，解决中国人的吃饭问题，任务艰巨，困难不少，但潜力很大，前景广阔。Trulyspeaking,Chinahashadgreatdifficultiesinsolvingherproblemwithfoodprovision.Butshealsohasgreatpotentialandprospectsforhavingherpeoplefedwell.2.科技兴农在中国发展粮食生产方面存在着巨大的潜力。Theapplicationofscienceandtechnologytoagriculturepointstohugepotentialinthedevelopment.3.这一证书课程分三年学完。Thiscertificatecourseofstudieswillspreadover3years.四．所选择谓语必须与宾语搭配得当1.谁来养活中国的问题，实际情况究竟怎么样呢？看粮食，要看中国的农业；看农业，首先要看市场。WhatarethefactsaboutwhoisgoingtoprovidefoodforChina?ToknowthefoodprovisionsituationinChina,wehavetotakeafullviewoftheagriculture,forwhichweshouldfirstlookathermarket.五．原文若是形容词、名词、数量词或介词短语作谓语，译文中常常采用系表结构1.你们一定知道，这种打字机轻便高效，经久耐用又经济实惠，适合高中学生使用。Youarewellawarethatthistypeoftypewriterisportableandhigh-efficient,economicalandpracticalforhighschoolstudents.无形式标志的被动句，形式主动，意义被动1.美国政府中有许多工作程序,为的是保证在作出决定前有关人士都能对政策表示意见。Americangovernmentsarefilledwithproceduresdesignedtoassurethatinterestedpersonmaycommentonpoliciesbeforedecisionsaremade.2.流言蜚语使他们之间的友谊变成了怨仇。Theirfriendshipwasturnedintoenmitythroughidlegossip.3.人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。Thisissuehasnotyetbeenthoroughlyexplored.4.人们目睹了两位宇航员在月球上登陆。Thetwoastronautswereseentolandonthemoon.Exercise1.从我们这些年的经验来看，经济发展隔几年上一个台阶，是能够办到的Judgingfromtheexperienceoftheseyears,wefinditpossibleforoureconomytoreachahigherleveleveryfewyears.3.由于英语被接受为联合国的官方语言之一，这就使英语在国际外交场合使用得更加广泛。TheacceptanceofEnglishasoneoftheofficiallanguagesfortheUnitedNationshaspromoteditsuseintheinternationaldiplomacy.5.我的态度，你现在骂我玩世不恭也好，不负责任也好，我告诉你，我盼望这一次是我们最末一次谈话了。Myattitude,youmaynowcallitflippancyorirresponsibility.Buttobehonestwithyou,Ihopethiswillbeourlastconversation.玩世不恭：因对现实不满而采取的一种不严肃、不认真的生活态度。Cynical:believingtheworstofhumannatureandmotivesFlippant:Lackingrespectorseriousness.轻率无礼7.“跳竹竿”每年从开春之日起，直至元宵，几乎夜夜灯火通明，欢跳不息，热烈气氛充溢着山坡村寨。The“bamboodance”startsfromtheverybeginningoftheyearandlastsuntiltheLanternFestival,duringwhichtimevillageswherelightsareonanddancecontinuesthroughoutthenightarevibrantwithfestivity.8.再细看，山下农家，炊烟袅袅，谷场水巷之中，鸡鸭成群，顽童嬉戏，田野上人来人往，一派丰衣足食的景象，这不正是《桃花源记》中描写的景象吗？Byacloserlook,wecanseesmokespiralingupfromthefarmhouses,hensandducksflockingtogetherandchildrenhavingfunonthebarnyardsandwaterways,peoplecomingandgoinginthefield.Isn’titthepictureofcontendedoflifeofplentypaintedintheancientarticle“PeachblossomValley”?