英语词汇记忆策略

英语学习策略高中英语学习策略系列英语词汇记忆策略英语词汇记忆词：word词是语言的声音单位词是最小的自由形式词的意义由语境来确定英语词汇记忆词汇知识：Lexicalknowledge/wordknowledge词的发音、拼写、词义、句法特性习惯用法、语用特征、语体色彩………英语词汇记忆词法：是关于此的构建与运用的规则。Learningaforeignlanguageisbasicallyamatteroflearningthevocabularyofthatlanguage.——Alinguist不掌握语法，你对英语的学习将无法深入；不掌握词汇，你将对英语语言一无所知。——BloomField英语词汇记忆英语词汇：构成、创造、词义负载形态变化：规律、原因、特征派生、转类、合成英语词汇记忆新词不断涌现:创造合成思维旧词新意拿来（借词）社会/文化英语词汇记忆英语词汇记忆：从词汇的自身特征看一看有什么规律可循英语词汇记忆1.传统构词法cyber-1）词缀Cyber-计算机（网络）的：cyberculture电脑文化cybercrime网上犯罪cyberforger网上造假者cyberphobia计算机恐惧症cyberpunk计算机高手cybersex网络色情cyberspace网络空间cyberspeak网络用语cyberfiction电脑小说cyberfair网上集市英语词汇记忆Eco-activities生态活动eco-catastrophe生态灾难eco-atmosphere生态大气层eco-climate生态气候ecocide生态灭绝ecosis生态危机ecodevelopment生态发展eco-economic生态经济英语词汇记忆2）合成法（compounding）Brain-drain人才外流summitmeeting峰会laid-offworker下岗工人drugtrafficking贩毒materialprogress物质文明brainwashing洗脑bachelormother单身母亲英语词汇记忆3）拼缀法（blending)Kideo(kid+video)Greentech(green+technology)Chinglish(Chinese+English)Smog(smoke+fog)E-mail(electronic+mail)英语词汇记忆4)转换法conversionHeidledawayhisyouth.(他虚度自己的青春。)Theycagedthebird(…关在笼子里）Thumbedthepagesofabook.（…用拇指翻书）Thechildparrotedhisfather.IcannotstomachhisinsultHeknowsthehowsandwhysofthestory(…来龙去脉）英语词汇记忆5)缩略法shorteningAd(advertisement)homo(homosexuality)Biz(business)PK(playerkilling)PC(personalcomputer)ATM（automatedtellermachine)英语词汇记忆6）旧词新义NewmeaninginoldworldMouse老鼠鼠标Menu餐馆里的菜单电脑的菜单Walkman(商标名）随身听Bug昆虫窃听器/计算机程序的缺陷英语词汇记忆7)外来BorrowingMahjong麻将kang炕coolie苦力Judo柔道karaoke卡拉OKhibakusha核爆炸余生者Chauvinism沙文主义（F)Sputnik人造卫星（Russ)英语词汇记忆8)造词coinageMisunderestimate错误低估Embetter情况更好Quark夸克pizzazz精力dotcom公司域名Dooce(某人因为自己的博客而被开除）英语词汇记忆9)类比构词wordformationbyanalogyBrain-drain人才外流//brain-gain人才流入Flash-back倒叙//flash-forward超前叙述High-tech高技术的//low–tech低技术的Boycott联合抵制//girlcott妇女界联合抵制Blackmarket→greymarketBlackout(因电力不足而断电)→brownout(因电力不足而合灯光暗淡)Blue-collarworkerWhite-collarworkers→gray-collarworkers→pink-collarworkers→open-collarworkers英语词汇记忆Baby-sit临时代人照看孩子housesit临时代人照看房子Escalator自动扶手电梯Chainsmoke一根接一根地抽烟chaindrink一杯接一杯地喝酒/饮料Humanrights人权animalrights动物权英语词汇记忆1.查词典策略：发挥词典的作用：释义词汇知识用法英英词典英汉双解词典英语词汇记忆2.猜词策略：猜词与阅读理解分不开Americanbusinessmenexpectemployeestobepunctual,theydonotexpectthattheworkerswillcomelate.youngpeoplewhoarejuststartingtheirhouseholdsoftenspendsomeoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,stoves,refrigeratorsandtelevisions.英语词汇记忆3.关键词策略：1）找出L1中与L2读音相似的关键词。建立声音关系。2）在关键词与L2单词的本族释义之间建立一种心理形象（实际上是一种形象联系）。注意：汉语与英语差异可能造成使用此方法的困难。英语词汇记忆4.单词表策略：中国学生常用的策略机械记忆重复记忆边读边写讨论：重复朗读1.记忆时间词义对等2.使用效率3.提取准确性英语词汇记忆5.联想策略联想的多角度联想的路线employer/employee借助businessmanagerjobworkinchargeofproductsellbuyCompanyadvertisingfirmcorporationfactorybenefitprofit英语词汇记忆6.构词法策略：词根:词缀：WordFormation为什么?Success成功Successor接班人他们之间有联系吗？WordFormationcede/ceed/cess=goWordFormationcede/ceed/cessPrecedent先行的Unprecedented空前的Precede先行preceding在先的Exceed超过Exceedingly极端地Excess超出Proceed前进Process过程Procedure程序cede/ceed/cessProcession行进Antecedent居先的Antecessor先驱者Antecede居….之先Successor接班人Successive继承的Recession倒退Retrocession隐退Intercede居间调停Intercessor调停者WordFormationProceedPro=forwardceed=go朝前走进展Recedere=backcede=go后退撤退SecedeSe=awaycede=go脱离退出SucceedSu=sub=underceed=go跟在后面走（去）successor继承人WordFormationRetrocedeRetro=backwardcede=go归还Progress进步pro=forwardgress=walkRetrogress落后retro=backward另：Concede让步Con=togethercede=yieldWordFormation另：Concede让步Con=togethercede=yieldConcord和谐一致同意Con=togethercord=heartaccordanceaccordingdiscordance不一致cordial恳切的core核心WordFormationCeivecept=totake(取拿）拉丁文capere(totake)WordFormationceiveceptReceive收到Receipt收据Perceive感知Accept接受Acceptable可接受的Deceive欺骗（v）Deception欺骗诡计ceiveceptExcept除…外Exception例外Concept观念Intercept截取Interceptor截击机Incept摄入WordFormationdeceivable易受骗的：de=awayceiv=takeable=(adj)exceptional例外的:ex=outcept=takeion=(n)al=(adj)WordFormation变体：cipcipateanticipate期待占先anti=beforecipt=takeemancipate解放e=outman=handcipate=totake把手中的东西拿（交）出来Manmanu=hand(手）manual手工的manipulate操作manacle手铐manager经理manufacture制造manuscript原稿WordFormationFacfact=todo/makeWordFormationFactory(Fact=todoory=place)Factotum杂役(Fact=todototum=everything)Malefactor(Male=badlyfactor=doer)Benefactor(Bene=good/wellfactor=doer)benefit利益beneficent亲切的慈善的bonus红利benediction祝福predict/dictate(命令）/dictionverdict(判决）dictionaryWordFormationGrad/gress=step/walk拉丁文:gradi=walk,gradus=stepWordFormationGrade等级gradual逐步的gradient阶梯Graduate毕业生（undergraduate本科生postgraduate研究生）degrade使降级retrograde后退downgrade下坡upgrade上升egress外出congress大会aggress侵略digress离题regress退回WordFormationcongressdigressiveegresstogetherdi=dis=aparte=ex=outaggressag=toWordFormationRupt=breakcorruptiondisruptioneruptionirruptionWordFormationRupture裂开erupt喷发Irruptive侵入的abrupt出其不意Corrupt腐败的disrupt破坏Interrupt打断bankrupt破产WordFormationabruptionbetweenoffinterruptirrupteruptinoutcorruptapartdisruptcor=com=whollyWordFormation前缀：micro:microbiology微生物学macro:macroclimate大气extro(extra):extrovert外向（的人）intro：introvert内向（的人）male:malefactor坏人bene：benefactor恩人WordFormationHyper:hypercriticism吹毛求疵（苛刻的批评）Hypo:hypothesis假说（thesis=placed作为基础)mega:megaphone(microphone)mini:minibus小公共汽车anti:anti-f