不定式和动名词做宾语

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巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语和宾补的动词用法一.接动词不定式做宾语的动词记忆口诀一:三个希望两答应,(wish,hope,want,expect,agree,promise)两个要求莫拒绝,(ask,demand.refuse)设法学会做决定,(manage,learn,decide,determine)不要假装在选择(pretend,choose)记忆口诀二:打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire)假装(pretend)喜欢(wouldlike/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish)决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn)告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)二.接动词ing做宾语的动词和动词短语记忆口诀一:考虑(consider)完成(finish)多练习(practise)避免(avoid)冒险(risk)求建议(suggest/recoomend)面对(face)喜欢(enjoy/appreciate)和介意(mind)允许(allow)承认(admit/permit)或放弃(giveup/abandon)推迟(putoff/delay/postphone)逃避(escape)不原谅(excuse/pardon)提及(mention)坚持(keep/insiston)要想象(imagine/fancy)还有词组feellike和can’tstand!记忆口诀二:Mrsp.blackmissedabeefbag.Mind,risk,regret,suggest,bebusy,lookforwardsto,avoid,can’thelp,keep,miss,imagine,insiston,stop,scceedin,enjoy,delay,allow,beworth,excuse,escape,finish,beusedto,admit,giveup记忆口诀三;megafeps霉咖啡不吃记忆口诀四;makeafitspeech(三)在动词remember,try,regret,forget,need/want/require,stop,mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同,巧记一句话(记住努力;后悔忘记;需要停止;很有意义),学习采用对比法:remembertodosomething记着去做某事(现在还没有做)rememberdoingsomething记着曾做过某事(以前做过某事)trytodosomething努力、尽力做某事trydoingsomething试着做某事(看能否达到预期的结果)stoptodosomething开始做某事(停下正在做的事,开始做另一事)stopdoingsomething停止做某事(停止正在做的事)regrettodosomething对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜regretdoingsomething对已经做过的事感到后悔meantodosomething打算,想,意图…meandoingsomething意味着want/require/needtobedone某事需要做want/require/needdoing某事需要做(这时动名词和主语之间有动宾关系,如:Theroomneedscleaning/needstobecleaned)can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事动词接不定式和动名词意思一样双方一旦开始(begin,start),无论喜欢与否(like,prefer,hate,dislike)都要继续下去(continue),都不能打算忽视开始的爱(intend,attempt,propose,neglect,commence,love)(四)请牢记在下列固定句式中,动词用V-ing式:Thereisnopointarguingfurther.再争辩下去没有意义。Itisnogooddoingthat.那样做没有用。Itisnousetellinghisfatheraboutit.告诉他父亲那件事没用。[小试牛刀]1.Theboydecided______inShanghai,whichmadehisfatheralittlesurprised.A.nottoworkB.tonotworkC.notworkingD.workingnot2.—Wouldyoumind______thedoor?—Ofcoursenot.A.IopeningB.metoopenC.formetoopenD.myopening3.Asyouknow,here,missingabusmeans______foranotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting4.She______goingoutforawalk,butI’dratherstayathomewatchingTV.A.wantedB.askedC.hopedD.suggested5.Sorry.Wedon’tallow______here.A.smokingB.havingsmokedC.tosmokeD.tobesmoked6.Inwinter,manyanimalsmanage______withouteatingformanymonths.A.toliveB.tohavelivedC.havinglivedD.living7.Myfatherinsisted_____althoughwewereverytired.A.walkhomeB.towalkhomeC.onwalkinghomeD.inwalkinghome8.Afterhehadworkedseveralhours,hestopped_____acupofcoffeetorefreshhimself.A.todrinkB.drinkingC.drinkD.drank9.Althoughswimmingishisfavoritesport,yethedoesn’tlike_____today.A.toswimB.swimmingC.swimD.tohaveswim10.Iregret_____youthatthesportsmeethasbeenputoff.A.tellingB.totellC.tellD.told11.Shedesiresnot_____foranhour.A.disturbB.tobedisturbC.tobedisturbedD.tohavedisturbed一.不定式做宾补记忆口诀;劝教命请叫,允许又警告advise,teach,order,command,ask,tell,allow,permit,warn二、使役动词与to的省略当不定式用于let,make,have等使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式必须省略to。如:Letmehaveanothercupoftea.给我再来一杯茶。Shehadhimdigawaythesnow.她让他把雪挖走。Theymadehimtellthemeverything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式则必须要带to。如:他被迫一天工作20小时。误:Hewasmadeworktwentyhoursaday.正:Hewasmadetoworktwentyhoursaday.注意,表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。另外注意,force,oblige等虽然也表示“使”,但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如:Theyforcedhertosignthepaper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。Thelawobligedparentstosendtheirchildrentoschool.法律要求父母送子女上学。二、感觉动词与to的省略当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,listento等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。如:Weallfeltthehouseshake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。Iheardhimgodownthestairs.我听见他下楼了。Didyounoticeherleavethehouse?她离开屋子你注意到了吗?Iwatchedhergetintothecar.我看着她上了车。但是,当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为tobe时,则不能省略to。如:Theyallfelttheplantobeunwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。注意,当这些动词变为被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。如:Theywereheardtobreakaglassinthenextdoor.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。另外,若用作宾语补足语的不定式为完成式,则通常应带to。如:Inoticedhertohavecomeearly.我注意到她来得很早。三、介词except/but与to的省略当不定式用作介词except或except的宾语时,该不定式有时带to,有时不带to,情形比较复杂,大致原则是:其前有do,不定式不带to;其前没有do,不定式通常带to。如:HelikesnothingexcepttowatchTV.除了看电视外,他什么都不喜欢。Ithadnoeffectexcepttomakehimangry.除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果。There’slittlewecandoexceptwait.除了等待我们没有什么办法。Icoulddonothingexceptagree.我除了同意,没有别的办法。四、help与to的省略当动词help后跟一个不定式用作宾语或宾语补足语时,不定式可以不带to,也可以不带to。如:Canyouhelp(to)carrythistableupstairs?你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?Ihavelostmywatch.Willyouhelpme(to)lookforit?我把表丢了,你能不能帮我找一下?但是,当help用于被动语态时,其后不定式必须带to。如:Milliewashelpedtoovercomeherfearofflying.米利被帮助克服了她的飞行恐惧。另外,当不定式为否定式时,其中的to通常不宜省略。如:HowcanIhelpmychildrennottoworryabouttheirexams?我怎样才能帮助我的孩子们不为他们的考试着急呢?记忆口诀;一二三四半,一感,二听,三让,四看,半帮助,五、固定搭配与to的省略1、Whynot...?=Whydon'tyou...?习惯上接动词原形,不能接带to不定式或现在分词,主要用于表示同意、赞成、劝诱等,其意为“为什么不……呢”。如:Whynotgowithhim?=Whydon'tyougowithhim?为什么不和他一起去呢?2、hadbetter...,最好做某事,如:Youhadbetterstayhere.你最好呆在这里。3、“wouldrather+动词原形”意为“宁愿做某事”。如:We’dratherstayathome.我们宁愿呆在家里。Iwouldrathernottellhim.我宁愿不告诉他。4、prefer+不定式+ratherthan+动词原形,其意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。如:Iprefertowalkthereratherthangobybus.我宁愿走着去,而不愿坐公共汽车去。Hepreferstoreadratherthanwatchtelevision.他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。但,prefer+动名词+to+动名词,其意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事”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