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不定式的句法功能1.做主语eg.Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnecessaryforacollegestudent.Itisgoodmannerstohelppeopleintrouble2.做表语eg.Yourjobistowashdishes.AllIdidwastogivehimsomeadvice.3.做宾语eg.Shepromisedtogivehimachance.Icann’taffordtobuyacar.注意：有些动词后面只能用不定式做宾语，这样的动词有：refuse,promise,pretend,wish,hope,agree,ask,decide,expect,manage,offer,warn…但有些动词后只能跟动名词，例如：admit,avoid,keep,prevent,consider,delay,enjoy,excuse,finish,resist,pardon,putoff,lookforwardto…4.不定式做宾语补足语有两种情况应加以注意：A根据情况的表达，可以在不定式前加上where,how,when,what等疑问副词。eg.Couldyoutellmehowtorepairthemaching?Noonetoldmewheretofindhim.B.不定式在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice…和使役动词let,make,have后做宾语补足语时，不加不定式符号“to”.eg.Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogototheconcert.Couldyouhelpme(to)unloadthecar?5.做主语补足语eg.Iwasaskedtohelphimwithhislessons.主语补足语实际上就是句子主动语态时句子中的宾语补足语，当原句中的宾语提前做主语，句子转化成被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语就成了转化后的句子中的主语补足语。注意：做宾语补足语的不定式，转化成主语补足语的时候，原来省去的“to”应该加上去，。.eg.Shewasseentogooutaminuteago.Hewasmadetogiveupdrinking6.做定语eg.Haveyougotapenciltodrawpictureswith?Isthereanyonetotakecareofthesechildren?7.不定式做状语eg.Shegotoffthetraintoseeafriend.（目的状语）Shegotoffthetraininordertoseeafriend.Shegotoffthetrainsoastoseeafriend.Inordertoseeafriend,shegotoffthetrain.做结果状语：eg.Hewastooexcitedtosayanything.Thechildrenareoldenoughtogotoschool.Hehurriedtothestation,onlytoseethatthetrainhadleft.“only+todosth”表出乎意料的结果不定式的时态与语态时态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone3.动词不定式的复合结构A疑问词+不定式eg.Whentostarthasnotbeendecidedyet.Theproblemishowtopersuadehimtochangehismind.Wemustlearnwhattodoinfaceofdifficulties.B.带有逻辑主语的结构eg.It’simportantforustomasteraforeignlanguage.Thefirstthingforustodoistocleantheroom.4.省“to”的情况A在donothing/anything/everythingbut/except等后，不带不定式符号“to”.eg.Hesaidhewoulddoanythingexceptcook.1.不定式的一般式：表示与主动词处于同一时间层面或动作发生于主动词之后。eg.HeseemstoknowFrench.（同时）Iexpecttohearfromyousoon.（之后）2.不定式的进行式：表示与主动词处于同一层面并且动作正在进行。eg.Theboypretendedtobelisteningattentivelywhentheteacherlookedathim.3.不定式的完成式：表示发生在主动词之前eg.Heseemstohavereadthenovel.HehappenedtohavegoneoutwhenIwenttoseehim4.不定式的被动式：表示与逻辑主语之间的被动关系Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisabouthumannature.Hedidnothingbutlookon.注意：只有except,but而没有donothing/anything/everything时，要带不定式符号“to”.eg.Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.Theydidn’topentheirmouthsexcepttocomplain.Hedoesnothingbutplayallday.Atthenewsshedidn’tsayanythingbuttocry.B.在wouldrather,hadbetter,ratherthan,cannotbut,can’thelpbut等后不定式符号要省。eg.Icouldn’thelpbutwaitforthenextbustocome.我不得不等下一班车。Ican’tchoosebutdoit.我初了这样做之外别无选择。“动词不定式”表示时间和语态1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Therearefivepairs____,butI`matalosswhichtobuy.A.TobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing4..---Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?---____enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegettingup5.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.togoC.goingD.tohavegone6.Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught_____andleftheroff.A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing7.Hemadealongspeech_______hisignorance(无知)ofthesubject.A.onlytoshowB.onlyshowingC.showingD.enoughtoshow8.---Whatdidyouhearlastnight?---Iseemed______someoneknockatthedoor.A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohaveheardD.havingheard9.Thoughwehavehadalongdiscussion,manyproblemsstillremain___.A.tobediscussedBdiscussingCdiscussedD.todiscuss10.---Didyouhavetroublewithyourcarthismorning?---Yes,butIfinallymanaged___.AtogetitstartBgetitstartingCtogetitstartedD.gettingitstarted..11.---Howdidyouknowthesurprisingnews?---Ihappened___theeventthen.A.tocoverBtobecoveringC.coveringD.tohavecovered12.LittleTomshouldlove_____tothetheaterthismorning.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking13.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_____whethertheywillenjoyit.(NMET2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen14.Itseemsthatwehavenochoice_____here.A.buttowaitB.butwaitC.butwaitingD.exceptwaiting15.Seancoulddonothingbut_____tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmitexercises1.Scientistshavetriedmanywaystosolvethisproblem.2.Amasscampaignhasbeenstartedtohelpsolveit3.Thewindissometimesstrongenoughtomovesanddunes.4.Therewasnothingtobedone.5.SandstormsinChinaappeartohaveincreasedinrecentyearsasaresultof“desertification”.6.Weatherexpertsadvisepeoplenottogoout.7.Tobecyclinginasandstormisfrightening.8.It’sdifficulttobreatheandthedustmakesmeill.9.Soifyouwanttogoout,you’dbetterwearamask.10.Topreventitcomingnearer,thegovernmentisplantingtrees.