加工中心主轴组件结构设计

卧式加工中心总体及主轴组件的结构设计-1-加工中心总体及主轴部件结构设计摘要加工中心由于备有刀库并能自动更换刀具，使得工件在一次装夹中可以完成多工序的加工。加工中心一般不需要人为干预，当机床开始执行程序后，它将一直运行到程序结束。加工中心还赋予了专业化车间一些诸多优点，如：降低机床的故障率，提高生产效率，提高加工精度，削减废料量，缩短检验时间，降低刀具成本，改善库存量等。由于加工中心的众多优势，所以它深受全球制造企业的青睐。加工中心主要由主轴组件、回转工作台、移动工作台、刀库及自动换刀装置以及其它机械功能部件组成。其中的主轴组件是机床重要的组成部分，其运动性能直接影响机床加工精度与表面粗糙度。本文在查阅大量国内外文献的基础上，通过研究分析不同加工中心主轴组件的性能，综合地比较了其特点，并拟定了一个较为合理的主轴组件结构方案。同时，还就主轴、轴承以及丝杠等重要零件的机械性能进行了探讨，并对这些零件的刚度和强度进行了校核。此外，本设计中所采用的陶瓷轴承能有效地增加主轴的刚度，从而提高了加工中心的可靠性和稳定性。关键词：主轴部件，加工中心，数控机床，刚度，强度卧式加工中心总体及主轴组件的结构设计-2-STRUCTUREDESIGNOFHORIZONTALMACHININGCENTERANDSPINDLEUNITABSTRACTMachiningcenterevolvedfromtheneedtobeabletoperformavarietyofoperationsandmachiningsequencesonaworkpieceonasinglemachineinonesetup.Machiningcenterrequireslittleoperatorintervention,andoncethemachinehasbeensetup,itwillmachinewithoutstoppinguntiltheendoftheprogramisreached.Someoftheotheradvantagesthatmachiningcentersgiveamanufacturingshoparegreatermachineuptime,increasedproductivity,maximumpartaccuracy,reducedscrap,lessinspectiontime,lowertoolingcosts,lessinventoryandsoon.Becauseoftheirmanyadvantages,machiningcentersbecomewidelyacceptedbymanufacturingenterprisesintheworld.Machiningcentersareequippedwithspindleunits,rotaryworkbench,movingworkbench,toolmagazinesandautomatictoolchangers,andothermechanicalfunctioncomponents.Spindleunitistheimportantmotionpartofthemetalcuttingmachinetool.Itsmovementbehavioraffectsthemachiningaccuracyandsurfaceroughnessofparttobemachined.Throughreferringtoavarietyoftechnicalliteratures,thecharacteristicsofsomekindsofspindleunitsarecomparedwitheachotherbasedonanalysisandresearchworkondifferentmachiningcenters.Areasonableschemecanbestudiedout.Meanwhile,themechanicalbehaviorsofprinciplepartssuchasthespindle,bearingsandleadscrewarediscussed.Theirrigidityandstrengtharecalculatedandexaminedhere.Morever,akindofadvancedceramicbearingsisintroducedintothespindleunit,whichcaneffectivelyenhancetherigidityofspindleunits.Theywillimprovethereliabilityandstabilityofmachiningcenters.KEYWORDS：spindleunit，machiningcenter，NCmachinetool，Stiffness，Intensity卧式加工中心总体及主轴组件的结构设计I目录前言.....................................................1第1章加工中心总体布局方案的拟定..........................2§1.1机床总体设计..............................................................................2§1.2主轴设计的技术指标..................................................................5§1.3主轴设计拟解决的关键问题......................................................5§1.4解决上述问题的策略..................................................................6第2章主轴设计方案拟定....................................7§2.1加工中心主轴组件的组成..........................................................7§2.2机械系统方案的确定..................................................................8§2.2.1主轴传动机构.....................................................................8§2.2.3主轴准停机构.....................................................................8§2.2.4刀具自动夹紧机构.............................................................9§2.2.5切屑清除机构...................................................................11§2.3伺服驱动系统方案的确定........................................................11§2.4加工中心主轴组件总体设计方案的确定................................13第3章主轴部件的主运动组件...............................14§3.1主轴电动机的选用....................................................................14§3.1.1主电机功率估算.............................................................14§3.1.2主电机选型.......................................................................15§3.2主轴............................................................................................16§3.2.1主轴的结构设计...............................................................16§3.2.2主轴受力分析...................................................................18§3.2.3主轴的强度校核...............................................................22§3.2.4主轴的刚度校核...............................................................24§3.3主轴组件的支承........................................................................25§3.3.1主轴轴承的类型...............................................................25§3.3.2主轴轴承的配置...............................................................25§3.3.3主轴轴承的预紧...............................................................25卧式加工中心总体及主轴组件的结构设计II§3.3.4主轴支承方案的确定.......................................................26§3.3.5轴承的配合.......................................................................26§3.3.6主轴轴承设计计算...........................................................26§3.4同步带的设计计算....................................................................28§3.5主轴组件的润滑与密封............................................................32§3.6键的设计计算............................................................................33§3.6.1主轴上的键.......................................................................33§3.6.2主电机上的键...................................................................34结论....................................................35参考文献..................................................36致谢....................................................37外文资料