shakespeare-career生涯莎士比亚英文-简明英国文学史

Contents1、SocialBackground2、IdeologicalTrend3、LiteraryAchievements4、WilliamShakespeareIdeologicalTrendRenaissance•Means“rebirth”or“revival”•Beganinthe14thcenturyinItalywiththefloweringofpainting,sculpture,andliteratureandlaterspreadtoFrance,Spain,Holland,etc.•Itisa•Representedbythetranslationofclassicalworks•ItsidealwasHumanismIdeologicalTrendHumanism:therediscoveriesoftheancientGreekandRomanmythologyandthediscoveryofmanhimself:emphasizinghisdignity,potentialityoftheindividual,theworthofthislife;glorifyingman’slove,friendship,etc.SocialBackground•Socialformation:feudalsocietythefoundationofcapitalism;•Economy:wooltradeEnclosureMovement•Politics:Theabsolutemonarchy(thereignofKingHenryVIII)•Religion:ReligiousReformation•MilitaryAffairs:powerfulnavy•Science:influencedbyCopernicus;GalileoSocialBackground•Historicalperiods:TheTudors:HenryVIIunifiedEngland(notScotlandandIreland)HenryVIII(1509-1547)Mary(1553-58)Elizabeth(1558-1603)TheStuarts:JamesI(1603-1685)JamesII(1685-1688)WilliamandMary(1688-1702)GoldenageofDramasLyricalpoetry:sonnets,pastoral,etc.greatdevelopmentofprosePoetryLyricalversesSamuelJohn“anestofsingingbirds”Sonnet：ItalianpoetPetrarch;introducedtoEnglandbySirThomasWyatt,HenryHoward,EarlofSurreyRepresentatives:EdmundSpenser;WilliamShakespeare;BenJohnson;JohnDonne,JohnMiltonPoetrywhatisapastoral:pastoralpresentsasimpleandidealizedworldinhabitedbyshepherdsandshepherdesseswhochieflyareconcernedtotendtheirflocks,fallinlove,andengageinpoetrycontests.Thevaluesofthismodearedefinedbyleisureandhumblecontentmentwhicharetheoppositeofpride,ambitionandthepursuitoffameandfortune.Pastoralexaltsthesimplecountrylifeoverthecityanditsbusiness,themilitarycampanditswarfare,thecourtandtheburdensofrule.PoetryTheShephearde’sCalendar,apastoralpoemin12parts,oneforeachmonthoftheyearmodeledonVirgil’sversedialogues/famousforhisskillfuluseofmanyverseformsandhisextraordinarymusicaleffects/setthepastoralfashioninEnglishliterature/startingthegreatlyricalpoetryofthelasttwodecadesofthe16thcenturyPoetryTheFaerieQueene,Hismajorachievement,ithasthefollowingcharacteristics:1.anallegoricalromance;2.amoralitybook,becauseitismodeledonthemoralvaluessetupbyAristotletendingtoeducateyoungrulers;3.aromanticepic:baroquestyle,ablendingofpicturesqueelements:theunexpected,thewild,thefantastic,theeccentric/nationalepic;4.thelanguage:imitatingChauser’slanguage,anarchaiclanguageProseThomasMore(1478-1535)•Life:aParliamentmemberandajudge•Works:Utopia,inLatin;thefirstrealsignificantexpressionoftheEnglishhumanistideaFrancisBacon(1561-1626)“forerunnerofmodernscienceandscientificlearning”•Life:educatedatTrinityCollege,Cambridge,workedasparliamentmember,solicitor-general,atorney-general,lordkeeper,lordchancellor;HeisnotonlythefirstEnglishessayist,butalsothefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy.•Works:AdvancementofLearning(1605);NovumOrganum(1620)(Latin);TheNewAtlantis;CollectionofEssaysDramaUniversityWits:JohnLyly,ThomasLodge,ThomasNashe,RobertGreeneandChristopherMarlowe•HowdoIincorporatemylogotoaslidethatwillapplytoalltheotherslides?•Onthe[View]menu,pointto[Master],andthenclick[SlideMaster]or[NotesMaster].•“Alltheworld'sastage,/Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.”——ClicktoedittitlestyleClicktoedittitlestyleHisLifeHisWorksSonnet18HamletHewasbornonApril23,1564anddiedonApril23,1616Heproduced37plays,154sonnetsand2longpoemsShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?...Tobeornottobe:Thatisthequestion…Hisbirthplace：Stratford-upon-AvonHisSchool：King’sNewSchoolHiswife:AnneHathaway’sCottageLondonwenttoLondonat21joinedatravellingcompanyofactorsworkedbothasanactorandawriterTheGlobeTheatreopenedin1599ItssuccesseshadmadeShakespearearichmanHebecameoneoftheprincipalinvestorsTheGlobeTheatreTheGlobeTheatreTheRebuiltGlobeTheaterTheendofhislifeReturntoStratfordin1610DestructionoftheGlobeTheatrein1613(theGreatFireofLondon)In1616ShakespearediedonApril,23(hisbirthday!)HisPlays•Comedy•Tragedy•HistoricalplayComedies•MuchAdoAboutNothing•AsYouLikeIt•AMidsummerNight’sDream•TheMerchantofVenice•TheMerryWivesofWinsor•TwelfthNight•TheTempestTragedies•Hamlet•Othello•KingLear•MacbethSonnet•1.Sonnet:a14-lineiambicpentameterwitharigidrimescheme.•twovariants:theItalianonewithabbaabbacdcdcdorabbaabbacdecdeasrimeschemeandtheEnglishonewithababcdcdefefgg.•2.1)Rimescheme:systematicarrangementoftherime.•2）Iambic:oneunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable.•3）Pentameter:fivefoot.Sonnet18•Quatrain1:abab•ShallIcomparethee(you)toasummer'sday?Thou(you)artmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer'sleasehath(has)alltooshortadate:•我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，夏天出赁的期限又未免太短Sonnet18•Quatrain2:cdcdSometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed:•天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。Sonnet18•Quatrain3:efef•Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow‘st;Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st.•但是你的长夏永