U5P3 Grammar(同位语从句语法)

Unit5GrammarNounclausesastheappositiveAppositiveClause同位语从句1.概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。1.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.2.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.3.WordcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.4.Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.1.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.2.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.3.WordcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.4.Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.ThenewsideaWordthequestion3.用法:常跟的抽象名词有:fact/idea/reason/thought/order/doubt/news/hope/truth/belief/theory/decision/discovery/problem/evidence/opinion…4.连词that/whether/who/which/what/when/where/why/how使用虚拟语气的同位语从句•demand,suggestion,advice,request,order,proposal等表示“建议、命令、要求”等意义的名词后的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“should+动词原形”，should可以省略:eg.Heacceptedmyadvicethathe(should)savemuchmoney.同位语从句与定语从句区别1.从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon.Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.据说他已经出国了。Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(同位语从句)(定语从句)2.从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如:Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameistrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语)3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。如:Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释that虽不作成分,但不能省略)Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)1.Thenewsthatwehadsuccessfullysentupanothercommunicationsatellitespreadthroughouttheworld.2.Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.3.That’sthebestpieceofnewsI’veheard.WhichoneisAttributiveClause/AppositiveClause?定语从句定语从句同位语从句4.Isthereanyhopethathewillbehomeat7:30?5.Thepossibilitythatyoureferredtodoesn’texistatall.6.Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.7.ThereisastrongpossibilitythatwemaybeinFranceforthenextweek.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句Practice:TorFandWhy(ToreviewNounclauses)•1.Iwanttoknowthathehastoldyou.F•2.Weareworryingaboutiftheycangetthereintime.F•3.Thefactiswehavelostthegame.F•4.Nomatterwhatwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.F•5.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.F•6.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasbecausehisbikebrokedown.F•7.Hemadeaprimisewhathewouldhelpus.F•8.Theteachgavetheorderthattheworkwasfinishedbefore4:00.F•9.Whatwearebadlyinneedofhelpisquiteclear.F•10.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldareunclear.FHomework•DoexcisesofLearningPlanandnewspaper.•Makestentencesusingappositiveclause.•Preparethenextclass.1.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AwhileBthatCwhenDas2.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when3.Thethought____hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that4.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./5.I'vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.whichIndividualactivity1.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.(2004上海春)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whetherI.Multiplechoice.2.Astorygoes______ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.(2004上海)A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that3.Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt_____acureforAIDSwillbefound.(2005广东)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether4.Thereismuchchance_____Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.(2006天津)A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if5.Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome_____Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.(2006安徽)A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which6.Thenews_____ourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday’snewspaper.(2008上海春)A.whichB.whetherC.whatD.that7.Newscamefromtheschooloffice_____WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.(2009四川)A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where8.Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists______theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.(2009江西)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though9.Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request________theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.(2009重庆)A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where10.Whenthenewscame_____thewarbrokeout,hedecided,toserveinthearmy.(2011辽宁)A.sinceB.whichC.thatD.because1.Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.2.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.3.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn’tseeanything.4.ThefactthatPollydidn’taskfortheman’snameisapity.AppositiveClauseSubjectClauseObjectClausePredicativeClauseII.Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem.1.Wewereexcitedatthenews.Ourfootballteamhadwonathirdmatch.2.Theyhavemadeanewplan.Anotherexp