UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY The Impact of Future Global

UCGEReportsNumber20218DepartmentofGeomaticsEngineeringTheImpactofFutureGlobalNavigationSatelliteSystemsonPreciseCarrierPhasePositioning(URL:)byToddRichertMay2005UNIVERSITYOFCALGARYTheImpactofFutureGlobalNavigationSatelliteSystemsonPreciseCarrierPhasePositioningbyToddRichertATHESISSUBMITTEDTOTHEFACULTYOFGRADUATESTUDIESINPARTIALFULFILMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOFMASTEROFSCIENCEGEOMATICSENGINEERINGDEPARTMENTCALGARY,ALBERTAMAY,2005©ToddRichert2005iiiAbstractThisthesisisaninvestigationoftheperformancethatcanbeexpectedfromfutureglobalnavigationsatellitesystems(GNSS).Thenextdecadepromisesdrasticimprovementsandadditionstoexistingsatellitenavigationinfrastructure.PlansforGPSmodernizationincludeaciviliancodemeasurementontheL2frequencyandanewL5signalat1176.45MHz.Currentspeculationsindicatethatafullyoperationalconstellationwiththeseimprovementscouldbeavailableby2013(Hothem,2004).Simultaneously,theGalileoJointUndertakingisinthedevelopmentandvalidationstagesofintroducingaparallelGNSScalledGalileo.Galileowillalsotransmitfreelyavailablesatellitenavigationsignalsonthreefrequenciesandisscheduledtobefullyoperationalasearlyas2008(Wibberley,2004).Inresponsetothesemomentouschanges,thisresearchinvestigatestheimpactthatthenewsignalswillhaveonprecisekinematicpositioning.EffectivetechniquesforprocessingfutureGNSSmeasurementsarepresentedandathoroughtreatmentofthemeasurementcorrelationsandprocessingstrategiesisgiven.ThesestrategieshavebeenimplementedinanewlydevelopedsoftwaresimulationpackagethatbothsimulatesfutureGNSSsignalsandprocessesthesesimulatedmeasurements.ThesimulationsoftwareisusedtoanalyzeanddemonstratetheabilitytoestimateionosphericdelaysusingfutureGNSSmeasurements.ItisfoundthatthemorepreciseGalileocodemeasurementsandtheenhancedgeometryofacombinedGPS/Galileoivsystemgreatlyimprovetheabilitytoestimateionosphericdelaysquicklyandprecisely.TheimprovedabilitytoestimateionosphericdelaysisthenpropagatedintoanevaluationofambiguityresolutionperformancewithfutureGNSSsignals.AcombinedGPS/Galileosystemwasfoundtoperformsignificantlybetterthancurrentlyavailablesystemsintermsofspeedofambiguityresolutionandtheabilitytosuccessfullyvalidatethecorrectambiguityset.Finally,asurveyofthevariouslinearcombinationsofcarrierphasedatathatwillbeavailablewithfutureGNSSsignalsiscarriedout.AfterdevelopingthefundamentaltheorybehindcombiningGNSSmeasurements,severalcombinationsareshowntoenablesuperiorambiguityresolutionandreducetheeffectsofthermalnoise,multipathandionosphericerrors.Itisalsodemonstratedthatanoptimalchoiceoflinearcombinationsishighlydependentonthebaselinelength,observationaltimespan,andrequirementsofagivenmission.vAcknowledgementsIwouldliketothankmysupervisor,Dr.NaserEl-Sheimy,forhissupportandguidancethroughoutthisjourney.Ihavebenefitedfromhisexceptionalabilitytogivemethefreedomtowanderandtheguidancetokeepmeontrack.Igreatlyappreciatethewayhehasgenuinelylookedoutformyinterests.ThanksgotoDr.DarrenCosandierfromWaypointConsultingInc.Hisinsightandconfidenceinmewasasourceofmotivation.IwouldalsoliketothankJanetNeumannfromNovAtelInc.forherunderstandingingivingmethetimeIneededtofinishthisthesis.Financially,IwouldliketoacknowledgethegeneroussupportoftheNaturalSciencesandEngineeringResearchCouncilofCanada,theAlbertaIngenuityFund,WaypointConsultingInc.,andtheUniversityofCalgaryGeomaticsEngineeringDepartment.Finally,IthankmyfriendsandfamilywhomaynotunderstandwhatIhavebeendoing,buthaveneverthelesssupportedandencouragedmeconsistently.viTableofContentsAbstract...............................................................................................................................iiiAcknowledgements...............................................................................................................vTableofContents................................................................................................................viListofTables.....................................................................................................................viiiListofFiguresandIllustrations.............................................................................................xListofSymbols..................................................................................................................xivListofAcronyms..............................................................................................................xviiChapterOne:Introduction...............................................................................................11.1FuturePlansforGNSS.....................................................................................21.2ProblemStatement...........................................................................................81.3MajorObjectivesoftheThesis.........................................................................91.4OutlineofThesis............................................................................................101.5FutureGNSSPosit