情态动词的用法beabletomustcan/couldhavetowill/wouldneedusedtododaremaymightshall/shouldhadbetteroughtto一、熟悉情态动词委婉用法:could,would,might等情态动词均有委婉用法,它们不是过去式而是表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌,常用与疑问句,并多用于习惯表达,如wouldyouplease,wouldyoumind,wouldyouliketo等,might还可以用于肯定句表示推测,表示可能性小,might和could表示征求对方意见时,回答必须还成may,can.1:--CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou____.A.mightB.willC.canD.should析:选C。该句用can的委婉表达式could来征求对方意见,could和might通用,但回答时必须还成can或may,因此该题不选A.2.Wouldyouliketodoitforme?Yes.Iwould.二、弄清情态动词的异化现象有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时,出现了异化现象,此时回答在某个角度不能继续使用该情态动词,而改用别的动词。例1:--MustIstartatonce?—No,you____.A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.can’tD.won’t例2:--NeedIhandinmyexercisebookatonce?—Yes,you_____.A.mustB.needC.canD.will三、掌握征求意见情态动词的回答不少情态动词可用于疑问句征求对方意见,但人称上有时有特殊要求,请看下表:情态动词含义征求意见使用人称can/could可以各种人称may/might可以各种人称will/would愿意第二人称shall需要第一、第三人称must必须各种人称need需要各种人称例1:--_____ItellJohnaboutit?--No,youneedn’t.Ihavetoldhimalready.(NMET94)A.ShallB.WillC.CanD.May析:选A。从回答句“No,youneedn’t”的语境可知,问句征求对方意见,表示“需要”而且用语第一人称,要使用shall。(1)对现在或将来情况推测:must+动词原形。must只能用于肯定。否定和疑问分别用can’t和can。Hemusttellalie.Canhetellalie?Hecan’ttellalie.*Must-should/oughtto–may-might/could+do可能性依次减弱(2)对过去情况推测:must(may,might)+完成时。Youmusthavemethimbefore.must—may—might可能性依次减弱must只能用于肯定句,译成“一定”。否定和疑问分别用can’t/couldn’t和can/could。Could/Canithavehappenedlastnight?Itcouldn’t/can’thavehappenedlastnight.四、推测语气情态动词含义适用句型May/might可能,或许肯定句Must一定,必须肯定句Can/could可能,或许否定句,疑问句(3)、表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成Hemustbereading,isn’the?Youmustdoityourself,don’tyou?Hemusthavegoneoverthearticle,hasn’the?Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn’tit?五、shall的用法1)用于第一人称表将来。IshallgotoworkafterIhavefinishedschool.2)用于一、三人称疑问句、表征求对方意见或向对方请求。Shallhecomein?—Comein,please.3)用于二、三人称,表示保证、承诺、威胁、警告。Youshallbepunishedifyouinsistondoingitthisway.六、should的用法1)预期,预测、可能。Theyshouldbeherebynow.2)说话人的感情。如惊奇、愤怒、失望等、“竟然”Youcan’timaginethatwell-behavedgentlemanshouldbesorudetoalady.1)对过去情况推测。must/may/mighthavedonecan’t/couldn’t/maynot/mightnothavedonecan/couldhavedone…?may/mighthavedone可能已做musthavedone一定已做can’thavedone不可能做couldhavedone指本来能做而实际未做,表达遗憾的感情色彩should/oughttohavedone本来应做而未做,表达遗憾感情色彩need/needn’thavedone本来需要做而实际未做,本来不需要做却做了2)虚拟语气(与过去事实相反的主句)Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldn’thavebeendefeated.七、情态动词+havedone情态动词典型例题专练情态动词高考考点透视一、表示“能力”、“许可”、“可能”的用法1、能力一般用can/could表示.beableto也可用于表示能力,且能用于各种时态,而can/could多用于表示现在或过去的能力。但was/wereableto不用于表示能力,而作“设法做成某事”解,相当于managedtodosth/succeededindoingsth.1.Acomputer________thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.(MNET91)A..can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone________getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasabletoD2.许可一般可用may/might,can/could。might,could比较委婉,might一般多用于疑问句,而can表达的语言比较随便,在以could,might表示征询对方意见或表示请求时,回答应相应使用can,may而不用could,might。3.Youmaycomeatanytimeyoulike.4.Heaskedifhemightattendthelecture.5.----MayIuseyourpen?----Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t./mustn’t.)6.YoucanhavethenovelwhenIhavefinishedit.7.----CouldIborrowyourdictionary?----Yes,ofcourseyou_________.(MET92)A.mightB.willC.canD.should3、可能表示对目前的推测按可能性大小排为mustcan,could,may,might。must只能用于肯定句中,can只能用于否定和疑问句中。9.Peter________comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.(MET92)A.mustB.mayC.canD.will10.-----AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?-----I’mnotsure.I________gototheconcerttonight.(NMET2000)A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might11.-----Whereismyuncle,Mary?-----He_________inthebedroom.A.musthavebeenB.mustbeC.mayhavebeenD.shouldhavebeen12.Putonmoreclothes.You____befeelingcoldwithanonlyshirton.A.canB.couldC.wouldD.must13.----Thatmustbeamistake.----No,it________amistake.A.mustnotbeB.needn’tbeC.cannotbeD.wouldnotbe二。部分情态动词否定意义的用法情态动词否定式的常考点有:mustn’t禁止、严禁、不准;needn’t不必要、没必要(=don’thaveto);can’t不可能;maynot可能不、或许不;shouldn’t不应该(=oughtnotto)。14.You________returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot15.Johnny,you_______playwiththeknife,you_______hurtyourself.(NMET96)A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t,mustD.can’t;shouldn’t三、“情态动词+动词完成形式”结构的意义“情态动词+完成体”表示对已发生事情的推测、责备、后悔、遗憾等,历年高考对此热点共考查过18题。不同的情态动词与动词完成形式连用表示不同的含义,通常有下列几种情况。1、“must+havedone”仅用于肯定句,表示对过去事情把握极大的推测。意为“必定已经……”。否定句用can’t/couldn’t+havedone,疑问句中用Can/Could….havedone?分别表示对过去事情的否定或疑问推测。16、Ididn’thearthephone.I_______asleep.(MET89)A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen17.Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She________atthemeeting.(MET91)A.mustn’thavespokenB.shouldn’thavespokenC.needn’thavespokenD.couldn’thavespoken18.Ican’tfindMr.Smithanywhereintheofficebuilding.Where_______hehavegone?A.mustB.canC.shouldD.need2.“should/oughtto+havedone”表示“本该做的事而实际上未做”。其否定形式表示“本不该做的事但却做了”。19.Thatyoungmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathe_______nothavebeenallowedtoattendtheconcert.(92上海高考)A.couldB.mustC.wouldD.should3.“may/might+havedone”表示“本可以做的却未做”,突出可能性;而“could+havedone”表示“本能够做的但却未做”,强调能力因素。20、----Ididn’tgotoclasslastnightbecausemycarbrokedown.----You______mine.Iwasn’tusingit.A.couldborrowB.couldhaveborrowedC.mayborrowD.mayhaveborrowed4.“needn’t+havedone”表示“本不必做的事却做了”21.Therewasplentyoftime.She________.A.mustn’thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn’thavehurried22.Johnny,you______pla