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非谓语动词2010届高三英语语法复习之作用种类主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词分词种类与作用形式与构型不定式主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone动名词主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingmadehavingbeenmade非谓语动词在句子中所充当的成分With复合结构做定语，状语-ing-ed-adv.With+n_adj--todo--tobedone和名词的关系为主动和名词的关系为被动表状态表状态表将来的主动表将来的被动1.Hesitshere,withhisfeetpointingtotheothers.2.Hesitshere,withhishandstiedtothechair.3.Theboyisplayingoutside,withhisfacered.4.Theboystaysathome,withhismotherout.5.Theteacherwalksintotheclassroom,withabookinhishand6.Hewenthome,withhishomeworktobedone.作定语，放在名词后面n+-ing-ed-todo-tobedonebeingdone主动和进行被动和过去将来的主动将来的被动正在进行的被动1.Theboygoingtoschoolnowismyson.2.Theplandiscussedyesterdayisagoodone.3.Theboytogotoschoolnextyearismyson.4.Thepantobediscussedtomorrowisagoodone.5.Theplantobediscussedpresentisagoodone不定式下列词语接不定式做定语1.Change,wish,right,courage,need,promise,time,way,opportunity,thefirst…,thesecond…,thelast…,theonly….(1)不定式与所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系He'salwaysthefirst(one)tocometoschool.Thereisnoonetolookafterher.eg.Heisthefirstpersontocome.(2).不定式和所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Ihaveameetingtoattend.(3).现在分词做定语表进行,过去分词做定语表示完成;单个分词做定语放在修饰词的前面;短语做定语放在后面.aburningstickafallenleafThegirlstandingbythedoor.ThebookwrittenbyLuXun作状语表时间或原因主动和进行,时间上无先后被动和过去,时间上无先后主动和进行,时间上有先后被动和过去,时间上有先后-ing-ed-havingdoneHavingbeendone否定式在-ing前直接加not或在–ing后加neverattention表原因时可不分先后1.Standingonthetopofthemountain,Ifoundtheschoolisverybeautiful.2.Seenfromthemountain,theschoolisverybeautiful.3.Havingfinishedmyhomework.Iwenthomeimmediately.4.Havingbeatenbymyfather,Iwentouttoseemymother.5.Nothavingreceivedhisletter,hewenthome=Havingneverreceivedhisletter,hewenthome.否定式要not把加-ing在前面，或把never加在-ing后面.下列少数短语为惯用语，为固定形式。Judgingfrom,generallyspeaking,honestlyspeaking,strictlyspeaking,talkingof,speakingof.目的状语TostudyEnglishwell,wemustpractiseeveryday.结果状语Hehurriedtoschool,onlytofindshehadleft.原因状语Wealljumpedtohearofhissuccess.作状语Inordernotto：可首句，可尾句Soasnotto：只可尾句To：可首可尾onlytodo：结果却，常指意想不到的结果不定式的否定式，否定词Not或neverseldomhardly要放在to的前面。shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes作目的状语的词Attention分词作其他的状语伴随状语结果状语1.theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.2.Hesatbythetable,readingabookHisfatherdied,leavinghimsomemoney.作主语作主语没有太大的区别，表示一般的抽象概念用动名词，表示具体的个别的将来的用不定式可用作形式主语结构或形式宾语结构.用it作形式主语.用for或of来表示逻辑主语.for不定式的特点;of人的特点1.It’sdifficultforyoutostudyEnglish.2.It’sfoolishofyoutoaskherforhelp作宾语直接用动名词作宾语的词直接接不定式Suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,excuse,pardon,advise,consider,keep,leaveoff,putoff,keepon,giveup.wish.hope,agree,ask,promise,mean,decide,expect,manage,offer,pretend,plan,refuse,care,fail,afford,determine.有些动词可接不定式，有些可接动名词。无太大区别。但不定式表具体，动名词表抽象。但有些接不定式和动名词表示的意义不同regret,forget,remember:接不定式表示没做，接动名词表示做完.trydoing,试用某种办法做某事;trytodo表示努力做某事1.let’strydoingtheworksomeotherday.2.trytoworkhard,andthenyouwillsuccess.Start,begin:可接不定式可接动名词，意义相等。但下列情况只可接不定式.1.主语是人不是物。2.本身是进行时.3.其后的动词是表示心理状况的词.understand,realize,know,seeetc.1.Theicebegantomeltwhenthesuncomesout.2.Iwasbeginningtobeangry.3.Ibegantounderstandwhathesaid.1.Isawhimplayingintheparkjustnow.Butnowheisn’tthere.2.Ihearhimplayingpianonextroom.It’swonderful.3.Isawadogtiedtoachair.It’sgoingtodied.作宾补doingsthSeesbdosthdonesth用于所有的感官动词see,hear,notice,watch,feel表动作在进行表过程，完成表被动可接不定式做宾补的词：Permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encourage,warn,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,teach.接不定式既做宾语又做宾补的词:.ask,beg,like,help,promise,wish,want,expect.Bye----byeGoodluck