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形容词、副词和代词形容词和副词一、形容词的语法功能1.作定语前置定语：abeautifulpictureanhonestboy多个形容词作前置定语时的排列顺序：限定词+数量形容词+描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体形容词+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+用途+被修饰的名词•theprettylittleoldestChinesestonebridge•tenstrongblackplasticbags后置定语：（1）当形容词修饰不定代词one,no,any,some和every构成的复合词，如something,anything,nothing等时。There’snothingnewintoday’snewspaper.Shemusthavemetsomethingdangerous.（2）形容词短语作定语时。Thisisaproblemdifficulttosolveatpresent.Tomisaboygoodatsportsinourclass.（3）少数以a开头的形容词（absent,alike,alive,available）及其它形容词(concerned,present)作定语时。HemadefulluseofEnglishreferencebooksavailableandlearnedalot.Peopleconcernedwillattendthemeeting.（4）由and,or,both…and连接的并列形容词成对使用时。Everyone,oldoryoung,willtakepartintheactivities.1.The______housesmellsasifithasn’tbeenlivedinforyears.(2004江苏）A.littlewhitewoodenB.littlewoodenwhiteC.whitewoodenlittleD.whitelittlewooden2.______totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.（2000全国）A.BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbravestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.StudentsenoughbraveCA即学即练2.作表语•Wearehungry.•Helooksunhappy.注意：有的形容词一般只能作表语。如表示健康状况的：well,unwell,ill,faint;以a开头的：afraid,alone,asleep,ashamed3.作宾语补足语•Ithinkthebookinteresting.•Hefoundtheworkdifficult.4.作状语•Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.•Funny,hepretendstoknowwhathedoesn’tknow.Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,_________.（2008北京）A.hungryandtiredlyB.hungryandtiredC.hungrilyandtiredlyD.hungrilyandtiredB即学即练二、副词的语法功能1.作定语•AlmosteveryonehasacarinAmerica.•Thebuildingtherelooksgrand.2.作表语•Timeisup.•IthoughtIwasover.3.作宾语补足语•Iamveryhappytoseeyouback.•Keepthelightonifyoufeelafraid.4.作状语•It’srainingheavily.•It’saratherinterestingjob.•ThisisjustwhatIsaid.•EventuallyhearrivedinBeijing.注意：1.有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly结尾，但它们的含义不同。Thestationisquitenear.Helivesnear.It’snearly10o’clock.Thecakeishard.Weallworkhard.Icanhardlyunderstandyou.2.具有两种形式的副词highwidedeepclosehighlywidelydeeplycloselyHe’dliketosleepwiththewindow_____atnight.A.openwideB.openwidelyC.wideopenD.openedwideC三、形容词和副词的比较等级（一）原级（一）原级as+形容词/副词原级+as•TomisastallasJack.•HespeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.•Mycomputerisnotso/asexpensiveasyours.注意：1.almost,exactly,just,quite,nearly,half等词可用来加强as…as结构的语气。•Thisbookisjustasinterestingasthatone.三、形容词和副词的比较等级2.几种变化形式：asmuch+不可数名词+asThereisasmuchwaterinthisbottleasinthatone.asmany+可数名词复数+asBobhasreadasmanybooksasMary.as+形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数+asGermanisasdifficultalanguageasChinese.as+形容词+不可数名词+asBreadisasimportantfoodasrice.（二）比较级形容词/副词比较级+than•JohnworksharderthanMary.•Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.•Thisbookisbetterthanthatone.注意：1.形容词、副词比较级的规则和不规则变化。2.much,still,even,far,byfar,alot,abit,agreatdeal等词可置于比较级前,加强语气。Couldyoudriveabitmoreslowly?3.以or结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接to不接than.如superior,inferior,senior,junior。Heis4yearsseniortome.4.几种特殊结构1）the+比较级，the+比较级“越……，越……”•Thehigheryouclimb,thefartheryouwillsee.•ThemoreyouuseEnglish,themoreyouwillwanttolearnit.2）比较级+and+比较级“越来越……”•Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.•Myschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.3）主语+比较级+thanany(other)…•ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.•ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.4）倍数的比较倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+asThisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.倍数+形容词/副词比较级+thanThisroomistwicelargerthanthatone.倍数+thesize/length/weight/height/width/…+of…Thisroomisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.（三）最高级the+形容词/副词最高级+比较范围•Heisthetallestboyinourclass.•ThisisthemostbeautifulcityI’veevervisited.注意：1.形容词最高级前要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。Sheworkshardestinourclass.2.形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表示比较，表示“非常”。•Heisamostcleverpoliceman.•Thisfilmismostinteresting.3.最高级可被序数词以及much,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notquite等词语修饰。Heisbyfarthemostpopularsingerinourpub.4.not,never之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用，表示最高含义。Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.5.有些表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent,extreme,perfect,favorite等没有最高级，也不用比较级。1.Howmuch____shelookedwithoutherglasses!A.wellB.goodC.bestD.better2.Peter’sjacketlookedjustthesameasJack’s,butitcost_____his.A.asmuchtwiceasB.twiceasmuchasC.muchastwiceasD.astwicemuchas3.---Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?---Yes,I’veneverbeento____onebefore.A.amoreexcitedB.themostexcitedC.amoreexcitingD.themostexcitingDBC代词代词一、要点概述代词是代替名词或起名词作用的短语、句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为八类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词。二、考点聚焦1、指示代词1、指示代词（this,that,these,those）①this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。Iwanttotellyouthis:theEnglishpartywillbeheldthisFridayevening.Hehurthislegyesterday.That’swhyhedidn’tcome.二、考点聚焦②为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofNanjing.Theearsofarabbitarelongerthanthoseofafox.③this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方。Hello.ThisisJim.IsthatJohn?④this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。Ishealwaysthisbusy?He’dliketogetthatbigacar.2、不定代词（1）some，any（2）both,all,every,each（3）either,neither（4）noone,nobody,none（5）(a)few,(a)little（6）other,theother,others,theothers,another2、不定代词3、it，that，one，theone,theones,those等代词用法解析1）it和that都替代“the+单数名词（可数或不可数）”，都是特指，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类事物”。TheParkersboughtanewhousebutitwillneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.Fewpleasurescanequalthatofacooldrinkonahotday.（2）one替代“a＋单数可数名词”，表示泛指。特指的theone相当于that；theone复数形式theones，在口语中也常用those代替；当后