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37120071()JournalofZhejiangUniversity(HumanitiesandSocialSciences)Vol.37,No.1Jan.2007[]20060714[][](03JZD009)[](1973),,,,,:(,310028)[],,,,,,,,,,,,,[];;;[]K264[]A[]1008-942X(2007)01-0028-08OntheHighCivilServantExaminationSystemduringtheWarofResistanceAgainstJapanXIAORu2ping(DepartmentofHistory,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310028,China)Abstract:Thehighcivilservantexaminationwasoneofthehighest2rankingcivilservantexaminationsheldbythenationalgovernment.Inordertoselectthecivilservantsforgovernmentaldepartmentsatalllevels,theExaminationYuancontinuedtocarryoutthehighcivilservantexaminationsystemduringtheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan.Inthewartime,theExaminationYuanhadtobeflexibleincarryingouttheprinciplesandmethodsoftheexamination,andsimplifytheexaminationprocedure,andloweritsrequirementsandthestandardofadmission.Atthesametime,theExaminationYuansentthosewhohadpassedtheexaminationstotheCentralPoliticalSchoolforthespecializedtrainingsoastoimprovetheirpoliticalqualityandadministrativeability.From1939through1945,theExaminationYuanheld15highcivilservantexaminations,withanenrolmentof2060candidates.Afterbeingtrainedandre2tested,thesecandidateswereassignedtoworkatvariousinstitutionsbytheExaminationYuan.Ofthetotalnumberofthem,1531wereassignedtoCentralGovernmentdepartmentsand251tolocalgovernmentdepartments.Havingadaptingtheexaminationstothewartimeneeds,theExaminationYuanincreasedthetypesoftheexamination,theenrolmentratioandthenumberofthosepassingtheexaminations.Then,acertainnumberofmid2levelorlow2levelofficialswereassignedtogovernmentaldepartmentsatdifferentlevels.Itthusbecameanimportantwaytoselectcivilservantsduringthewartime,andAsmostofthecandidatespassingtheexaminationsjustgraduatedfromcollegeorgraduatednotlongagoandwereyoungandenergeticpeoplewhohadreceivedthenewtypeofeducation,withacertainspecializedknowledgeandamoreopenvision,theirintroductionintothegovernmentaldepartmentswouldtakeapositiveroleinimprovingboththequalityofgovernmentofficialsandtheadministrativeefficiencyofthegovernment.However,owingtothewartimeinfluence,thedrawbacksoftheexaminationboardandtheexaminationsystemthemselves,andtheprivatepoliticalimpactofthebureaucraticsystem,theExaminationYuanhadtofaceallkindsofdifficultiesinholdingthehighcivilservantexaminations.Forone,theExaminationYuanthathadtherighttoselectthecandidateswhopassedtheexaminationsdidn’thavetherighttoappointthem,resultingindifficultiesinassigningtojobs.Foranother,someoftheassignedcandidateswereleftunusedforalongtime.Asaresult,theeffectivenessoftheexaminationswasreducedtoacertaindegree.Keywords:theperiodoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan;thenationalgovernment;ExaminationYuan;thehighcivilservantexamination,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,:;,;,;,[1]141931,,4,,,,921:,1930-1937(19922),1929-1937(19964),(19985),(20041):(20045),1927-1937(200412),,,,,,,19388,,,;,;,,;,,,,,,19398,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,193719381939,193910,7,143,,,,110,,19408,20819407,145,,19415,141194019411,192,1861941138,1071942511,1049,1551943412,124129,265[2]1061944,288,115[3]114194503()371942,,37(2)-39,,,37-7281940,37-5161942,37(2)-391943,37-516,37-12,37-5161943,37-516114[4]25,,,,1:1(19391945)(%)19391135220815.3819402188731016.4319412164632119.5019423257427510.6819433259937214.3119442293939113.301945227381836.68:,,37276,:,,,,,,,4,574,19391945,15,2060,19314.64%,19333.83%,19356.98%,19368.18%,19456.68%,10%,19.50%,,9;16,,19,,,6060,60,,,60[5]42,,,60,,,,:,,,,,,,,,:,,131:,37-120,37-276,37-338,37-276,37-262,1967,33,,,,,;,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,()1,()6,,,()6,,,,,,,1940,3122,133,,,32194131,3,2819417,2,67,31194258,9,6,2;99,27,4[2]1091944104,1119391945,1782,,,,1531,251,,,,,[6]32,,23()37,37-262,1989,27(2),37-5131942,37(2)-39,37-99,27-7071940,37-516,,,,,,,,,,1939,71,,,,,,,,1942,19427,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,1949,,,,,,,,,,,,,[7]12,,,,,,:,331:,27-75,37-728(2),37-513(2),37-513,37-42(2),37-513,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,19391945,,,,,194535,,,1127,481944:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,?,?,,,,,[8]38,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[9]805,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,43()37,27-457,27-457,37-99,27-707,27-457,27-457,[10]8,,,:,,,,,[11]5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[][1].[J].,1930,(1):1317.[SecretariatofExaminationAcademy.ExaminationLaw[J].ExaminationAcademyMonthlyJournal,1930,(1):13-17.][2].[J].,1944,(1):106110.[SecretariatofExaminationAcademy.theChronicleofExaminationandPolitics[J].JournalofExaminationinPoliticalAffairs,1944,(1):106-110.][3].[J].,1945,(2):114115.[SecretariatofExaminationAcademy.theChronicleofExaminationandPolitics[J].JournalofExaminationinPoliticalAffairs,1945,(1):114-115.][4].[M].:,1967.[ChenTianxi.SupplementaryAnnualBiographyofMr.DaiJitao[M].Taipei:CultureSeaPress,1967.][5].[J].,1935,(8):4248.[SecretariatofExaminationAcademy.AmendExaminationLawImplementingRegulations[J].ExaminationAcademyCommunique,1935,(8):42-48.][6].[J].,1931,(12):3233.[DaiJitao.theExaminationAcademysPetitiontheNationalGovernment[J].ExaminationAcademyCommunique,1931,(12):32-33.][7].[J].,1988,(24):120.[JinShaoxian.DaiJitaoandHighCivilServersExaminationSystemofNanjingNationalGovernment[J].CulturalHistoricalAc