AnOrationdeliveredbeforethePhiBetaKappaSociety,atCambridge,August31,1837Mr.PresidentandGentlemen,Igreetyouonthere-commencementofourliteraryyear.Ouranniversaryisoneofhope,and,perhaps,notenoughoflabor.(在开始第二个文学年之际,我谨向你们致意。我们过去的一周年是充满希望的,但也许是努力尚且不够的一年。)Wedonotmeetforgamesofstrengthorskill,fortherecitationofhistories,tragedies,andodes,liketheancientGreeks;forparliamentsofloveandpoesy,liketheTroubadours;norfortheadvancementofscience,likeourcotemporariesintheBritishandEuropeancapitals.(我们相聚不是为了如古西腊人那样,进行力量和技巧的较量,朗诵过往历史,悲剧或颂词,也不是为了像中世纪行吟诗人那样为爱情和诗歌而聚集,更不是如当代在英国和欧洲的都市里为科学的进步举行聚会。)Thusfar,ourholidayhasbeensimplyafriendlysignofthesurvivaloftheloveoflettersamongstapeopletoobusytogivetolettersanymore.Assuch,itispreciousasthesignofanindestructibleinstinct.(目前为止,我们聚会的节日还仅仅是一个良好的象征,它象征着我们由于忙碌而无心于文字的人民中对文学之爱的延续。就此而言,这个象征弥足珍贵,有如不能被损毁的人类本能。)Perhapsthetimeisalreadycome,whenitoughttobe,andwillbe,somethingelse;(也许这样的时代已经到来,我们的聚会就要也应该是另番模样。)whenthesluggardintellectofthiscontinentwilllookfromunderitsironlids,andfillthepostponedexpectationoftheworldwithsomethingbetterthantheexertionsofmechanicalskill.(在这样的时代里,这个大陆的沉睡的心智睁开惺松睡眼,它给这世界带来久已期盼的贡献,这贡献远胜于机械性的技巧的发明。)Ourdayofdependence,ourlongapprenticeshiptothelearningofotherlands,drawstoaclose.(我们依赖于人的日子,我们心智向其他大陆智慧学习的学徒期,这一切就要结束了。)Themillions,thataroundusarerushingintolife,cannotalwaysbefedonthesereremainsofforeignharvests.(成百万簇拥着我们涌向生活的同胞,他们不可能永远的满足于食用异国智慧收获的陈粮。)Events,actionsarise,thatmustbesung,thatwillsingthemselves.(全新的事件和行动正在发生,这一切需要被歌唱,它们也要歌唱自己。)Whocandoubt,thatpoetrywillreviveandleadinanewage,asthestarintheconstellationHarp,whichnowflamesinourzenith,astronomersannounce,shallonedaybethepole-starforathousandyears?(有谁会怀疑,诗歌将会获得新生,并将引领一个新时代?就如天文学家所预言,在我们的天穹之顶的天琴大星将会成为恒艮千年的新北极星。)Inthishope,Iacceptthetopicwhichnotonlyusage,butthenatureofourassociation,seemtoprescribetothisday,theAMERICANSCHOLAR.(就是抱有这样的期望,我接受这个讲演题目--不仅是在用词上,而是由于时代和我们组织的性质所决定的--美国学者。)Yearbyyear,wecomeuphithertoreadonemorechapterofhisbiography.(时光流转,我们又翻开它传记的新篇章。)Letusinquirewhatlightnewdaysandeventshavethrownonhischaracter,andhishopes.(让我们来探询,新的时代和事件,在它特质上和对它的期望里又添了什么光色。)Itisoneofthosefables,which,outofanunknownantiquity,conveyanunlooked-forwisdom,thatthegods,(有这样一个久远不可考的传说--它有着我们意想不到的智慧。)inthebeginning,dividedManintomen,thathemightbemorehelpfultohimself;justasthehandwasdividedintofingers,thebettertoansweritsend.(起初,众神将一个人分为众人,使他可以更好的自助,如同要分出手指以便更好的使用手一样。)Theoldfablecoversadoctrineevernewandsublime;(这古老的传说蕴涵着一个长新而高尚的信念。)thatthereisOneMan,presenttoallparticularmenonlypartially,orthroughonefaculty;andthatyoumusttakethewholesocietytofindthewholeman.(这就是:有这么一个大写的人,你可以在某些个体的人或通过一种能力看到部分的他,但只有观照整个社会才能找到他的全部。)Manisnotafarmer,oraprofessor,oranengineer,butheisall.(这个大写的人不是农夫,不是一个教授或着工程师,他是他们的总和。)Manispriest,andscholar,andstatesman,andproducer,andsoldier.(这个人是传教士,他是学者,他是政治家,他是生产者也是战士。)Inthedividedorsocialstate,(这些功能在分工的社会形态里被一一分予不同的个体。)thesefunctionsareparcelledouttoindividuals,eachofwhomaimstodohisstintofthejointwork,whilsteachotherperformshis.(每一个体从事着整体中他那一部分的工作,人们都各司其职。)Thefableimplies,thattheindividual,topossesshimself,mustsometimesreturnfromhisownlabortoembracealltheotherlaborers.(这传说即指:个体人为了体验那大写的人,定要经常地从他的事工里脱离去体味整体的其它部分。)Butunfortunately,thisoriginalunit,thisfountainofpower,hasbeensodistributedtomultitudes,hasbeensominutelysubdividedandpeddledout,thatitisspilledintodrops,andcannotbegathered.(但是很不幸,这个初始的整体,这个力量的源泉,已被分散给大众,它被条分缕析,那源泉被分而为涓滴再也无法汇集了。)Thestateofsocietyisoneinwhichthemembershavesufferedamputationfromthetrunk,andstrutaboutsomanywalkingmonsters,agoodfinger,aneck,astomach,anelbow,butneveraman.(这种社会状态,有如支体与躯干分离,一个完整的手指,一段脖子,一只胃,一个臂肘如鬼魅般到处踆巡,却不能看到一个完整的人。)Manisthusmetamorphosedintoathing,intomanythings.Theplanter,whoisMansentoutintothefieldtogatherfood,isseldomcheeredbyanyideaofthetruedignityofhisministry.Heseeshisbushelandhiscart,andnothingbeyond,andsinksintothefarmer,insteadofManonthefarm.Thetradesmanscarcelyevergivesanidealworthtohiswork,butisriddenbytheroutineofhiscraft,andthesoulissubjecttodollars.Thepriestbecomesaform;theattorney,astatute-book;themechanic,amachine;thesailor,aropeofaship.(这大写的人被变形为物,变形为众多的物。种植者是他走入田野采集食物,但他不因高贵的事业而受颂扬。这种植者看到的,除了他的筐子和他的推车再无旁物,他没入田地,大写的人消失了。那买卖人从未意识到他工作的真正价值,他埋头于那行当的点滴中把灵魂交给金钱。传道士成为形式,律师变做僵死法典,机工退化成机器,水手仅仅是一节船上的缆绳。)Inthisdistributionoffunctions,thescholaristhedelegatedintellect.Intherightstate,heis,ManThinking.Inthedegeneratestate,whenthevictimofsociety,hetendstobecomeamerethinker,or,stillworse,theparrotofothermen'sthinking.(由于这样的分工,学者成了被分派出的片断知识。他应该的状态是:大写的人在思考。在目前退化的状态下,他--分工社会的牺牲品,只是思想者,甚或等而下之,成为他人思想的学舌鹦鹉。)Inthisviewofhim,asManThinking,thetheoryofhisofficeiscontained.Himnaturesolicitswithallherplacid,allhermonitorypictures;himthepastinstructs;himthefutureinvites.Isnot,indeed,everymanastudent,anddonotallthingsexistforthestudent'sbehoof?And,finally,isnotthetruescholartheonlytruemaster?Buttheoldoraclesaid,`Allthingshavetwohandles:bewareofthewrongone.'Inlife,toooften,thescholarerrswithmankindandforfeitshisprivilege.Letusseehiminhisschool,andconsiderhiminreferencetothemaininfluenceshe