基于SOPC的电机调速设计

河南科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）I基于SOPC的电机调速设计摘要直流电机由于具有响应迅速、精度和效率高、调速范围宽、负载能力大、控制性能优良等特点，被广泛应用各类闭环和半闭环控制系统中。随着EDA技术的发展，用基于现场可编程门阵列FPGA的数字电子系统对直流电机进行控制，为实现电机数字控制提供了一种新的有效方法。本文利用Altera公司推出的硬件开发专用GW48平台作为综合开发平台，采用SOPC技术通过在FPGA中植入嵌入式软核NiosII作为中央处理器，借助Avalon总线实现对整个直流电机外围电路的控制，从而实现电机的正常运行，这是对直流电机经典控制(即基于单片机或DSP的电机控制)的一种全新的改进。论文中详细分析了调速系统的软、硬件的设计过程。硬件部分先作了整体硬件设计方案的论述，接着详细给出了每个功能模块的具体方案，包括像FPGA，SDRAM和Flash，PWM模块和测速模块的设计，其中PWM模块和测速模块采用VHDL语言编写代码，使其生成接口功能模块，最后给出时钟源和键盘接口电路的设计方案。软件部分也先作了整体软件设计论述，接着详细阐述了每个功能模块的设计流程。将所有模块在QUARTUSII中实现并最终给出实验结果并对其进行分析。关键词：NIOSII，SOPC，VHDL，直流电机，PWM河南科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）IIDESIGNOFMOTORSPEEDCONTROLLERBASEDONSOPCABSTRACTDcmotoriswidelyappliedtoallkindsofclosed-loopandhalfclosedloopcontrolsystemduetoitsquickresponse,precisionandhighefficiency,widerangeofspeedandloadcapacity,controletc,withit’sexcellentperformance.WiththedevelopmentofEDAtechnology,it’sprovidesaneweffectivemethodsfordcmotorcontrolbyusingEDAbasedonfieldprogrammablegatesarrayFPGAdigitalelectronicsystem,toachievemotordigitalcontrol.InthisthesisAlterGW48boardisadoptedastheintegrateddevelopmentplatform,usingSOPCtechnologytoembedsoft-coreNiosIIintheFPGAascentralcontroldevice,tocontroltheentireperipheralcircuitswiththehelpofAvalonbussoastodrivethemotorrunningsuccessfully.Thismethedisadifferentwayfromtraditionalmotorcontrol(thatis,DCmotorbasedonSCMorDSP).Thesoftwareandhardwaredesignofthesystemarepresentedinthethesis.Forthehardwaredesignprogram,firstanoveralldesignofthewholesystemisPresented,thenthedesignofeachfunctionalmodule,i.e.FPGAdesign,SDRAMandFLASHdesign,PWMmodule,speeddetectionmodule,clocksourceandkeyboardinterfacecircuit,isdiscussedindetail.BothofthemuseVHDLcodetogeneratetheinterfacefunctionalmodule.Asforthesoftwaredesign,anoveralldesignofthewholesystemispresented,followedbyeachfunctionalmodule’sdesignflow.AndthenallmodulearerealizedinQUARTUSIIandgivethedetailanalysisoftheeventuallyexperimentresults.KEYWORDS：NIOSII，SOPC，VHDL，DCMOTOR，PWM河南科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）III目录前言................................................................................................................1§1.1SOPC技术简介......................................................................................3§1.2SOPC系统主要部件简介.......................................................................4§1.2.1NiosII软核处理器...........................................................................5§1.2.2直流电机中NiosII软核处理器的设计..........................................6§1.2.3Avalon总线......................................................................................7§1.3SOPC系统开发环境...............................................................................8§1.4小结......................................................................................................10第2章直流电机的PWM调速控制...............................................................11§2.1PWM调制原理.....................................................................................11§2.2PWM调压调速原理.............................................................................12§2.3PWM的双极性驱动原理.....................................................................13§2.3.1H桥驱动........................................................................................13§2.3.2PWM的占空比调制......................................................................15§2.4各功能模块设计..................................................................................16§2.4.1PWM模块.....................................................................................17§2.4.2测速模块的设计...........................................................................19§2.4.3正反转控制模块...........................................................................20§2.4.4预设及调档模块...........................................................................21§2.5小结......................................................................................................24第3章系统软件设计......................................................................................25§3.1软件总体结构与设计流程...................................................................25§3.1.1软件总体结构...............................................................................25§3.1.2NiosII系统的组建.........................................................................26§3.1.3本系统中NiosII处理器结构........................................................29§3.2小结......................................................................................................30第4章设计结果与结果分析..........................................................................31河南科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）IV§4.1下载到实验箱上的最终结果...............................................................31§4.2结果的分析..........................................................................................33结论..............................................................................................................34参考文献...........................................................................................................35致谢................................................................................................