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Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气英语动词有三种语气:陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气陈述语气：用来表示所说的话是事实或提出疑问，广泛用语陈述句，疑问句和感叹句。祈使语气：表示所说的话是请求，命令，指示或劝告等。虚拟语气：表示说话人的所说的话不是事实，一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。Eg:Wemetinthisroom.陈述语气DocometothemeetingnextFriday.祈使语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.虚拟语气一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法.条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与事实相符的。非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，与事实相反的情况。Ifitisfinetomorrow,Iwillgotovisitmygrandma.IfIwereabird,IwouldflytoAmerica.动词形式时间从句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式（be的过去式一般用were）wouldshould+动词原形couldmight与过去事实相反had+过去分词wouldshouldhave+过去分词couldmight与将来事实可能相反动词过去式/should+动词原形wereto＋动词原形wouldshould+动词原形couldmightIwouldbuyanexpensivecar.Iwouldbuyavilla.Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.IfIwonthelottery,现在事实相反IfI____________timelastnight,I_____________toseethefilmwithyou.hadhadwouldhavegone过去事实相反Ifhe________morecarefully,he_____________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehadMark:100I________apartyforyou.shouldgetIfyou____________________________________gotWeretogetafullmarknexttime,将来时相反wouldholdIfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadeamistake.Ifitrainedtomorrow,theywouldn’tgoforanouting.现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。与现在事实相反IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.与过去事实相反与将来事实可能相反PRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.a.Ifthey______(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war___________(break)outagain,what________________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?c.Ifthepoliceman_____________(benot)inthatroomnow,it________________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_______(be)inyourposition,I_____________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werewouldtakebrokewouldhappenwerenotcouldbewerewouldaskPRACTICE2:Fillintheblankse.IfTom__(be)morecarefulintheexam,he___________(pass)italready.f.Ifyou(get)upearlier,you_________(catch)thefirsttrain.g.IfI____(meet)youyesterday,we_______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughthadmetwouldhavegonePRACTICE3:Fillintheblanksa.Ifthere(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What___(happen)ifyou_____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbewouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetup注意1.省略if的条件从句当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,…Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Shouldhefailintheexperiment…•Hadheworkedharder,hewouldhavepassedthefinalexaminations.2由介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构常见的介词或介词短语有without(没有),butfor(要不是)Eg:Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifficulttoday.=Iftherewerenoelectricity,Withouthisadvice,Icouldn’thavedoneitallbymyself.=Ifithadn’tbeenforhisadvice,Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavesucceededindoingthisexperiment.=Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,Butforthemeeting,IwouldhavegonetoyourpartylastSaturday.=Ifithadn’tbeenforthemeeting,1.Withoutsunlight,orwaterorair,there___nolifeontheearth.AwillhaveBwouldbeCshouldbeDmustbe2Butforthesnow,we___earlier.AwillarriveBshouldhavearrivedCarriveDarrived二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中1.Wish的宾语从句现在：过去：未来：过去时（were）过去完成时would/could/might+V.1.IwishIwereabird2.IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake3.Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.用于宾语从句Iwish从句结构Example与现在事实相反一般过去式Iwishitwereautumnnow.与过去事实相反过去完成式Hewishes(wished)hehadnotlostthechance.与将来事实相反would+V.原形Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.IwishIwereastallasyou.IwishIbecameasfamousasYaoMing.IwishIwereabird.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.Hewishhehadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.Iwishthelunchtimewouldcomesoon.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.1.Practice1Heisnotapilot,buthewisheshe______(be).2.IwishI___________(meet)himyesterday.3.Iwishit__________(be)finetomorrow.4.A:Youhavemadesomemistakes.B:IwishI____mistakeseveryday.A.don’tmakeB.haven’tmadeC.wouldn’thavemadeD.didn’tmake2.Iwishthey___inthisballgame.AwouldbesucceededBwouldbesuccessfulChadbeensuccessDhadbeensuccessful3.Hewishedhe___moreaboutthesubject,sohecouldtalkaboutit.AhadknownBknewCwouldknowDknows4.HowIwishI___adoctor,and___thedyinggirl.Aam,cansaveBwas,savedCwere,couldsaveDwillbe,willsave5.---Whatshallwedonext?--IwishthatBill___here.Ifhe___here,hewouldtelluswhattodo.Ahasbeen,hasbeenBwouldbe,wouldbeCwere,wereDis,is6.HowIwisheveryfamily___alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!AhasBhadCwillhaveDhadhad7.HowIwishthatI___themoonsometimeinthefuture.AhadvisitedBwouldvisitCvisitedDwillvisit2.在表示建议，要求，命令的词“suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire”后的宾语从句中：“(should)+动词原形”e.g.Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Idemandedthathe(should)answermeimmediately.(一个坚持insist，两个命令order,command，三个建议advise,suggest,propose四个要求demand,require,request,desire)注：以上动词的名词形式用于同位语从句中，从句中的动词也是用“(should)+动词原形”Practice:1.Iadvisedthatthesickchild___ahospitalassoonaspossible.AshouldsenttoBshouldbesentCbesenttoDmustbesentto2Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay___be20percent.AberaisedBwouldberaisedCraisedDraise3Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody___therules.AobeysBobeyCwillobeyDwouldobey4.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthathe___ill,andherparen