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AdverbialClauseB308钱一新吴静张海利莫兰燕1AdverbialClausesofTimeAsentencethatactsasanadverbialinasentenceiscalledanadverbialclause.Adverbialclauseisequivalenttoanadverb,whichisusedtomodifyverbs,adjectivesorwholesentences.Adverbialclausesareguidedbyconjunctions,whichmostlyindicatethebackground,time,placeandreasonofanaction.AdverbialClausesofTimeBasicusageExampleAdverbialclausesguidedbyconjunctionsUseafter,before,as,once,since,while,when,wheneveretc.guideadverbialclausesOncewesucceedinpassingtheexam,wewillhaveaparty.Useassoonas,nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely/barely...when...guideadverbialclausesIhadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain.=NosoonerhadIreachedhomethanitbegantorain.=Ihadhardlyreachedhomethanitbegantorain.=ScarcelyhadIreachedhomewhenitbegantorain.AdverbialClausesofTimeBasicusageExampleAdverbialclausesguidedbyadverbsUseimmediately,directly,Instantlyetc.guideadverbialclausesThethiefranawaydirectlyhesawthepolicemen.AdverbialclausesguidedbynounsUsethemoment,theminute,theinstant,thesecond,every/eachtime（每次）guideadverbialclausesEverytimehecomestoGuangzhou,hewillvisitsomeofhisfriends.AdverbialclausesguidedbyprepositionalphraseBythetime...（...前，到...为止）Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadalreadyfinishedthebook.DiscriminationofconfusableconjunctionsconjunctionsUsageUntilandtillAffirmativesentenceThemainverbmustbeacontinuousverb,'做某事一直到...“tillisnotatthebeginningofthesentence.Pleasewaituntil/tillIfinishedthebook.NegativesentenceNot...until...(直到...才...)Predicateverbofmainsentenceistransientverb.Whennotuntillocatedatthebeginningofasentence,themainsentenceshouldbeinverted.NotuntilmyfathercamebackdidIgotobed.DiscriminationofconfusableconjunctionsconjunctionsUsagewhen,while,asWhen1.“当...时候”aremostlyusedwhenclausesaretransientverbs.(Transientverbwithoutprogressive)eg.Itwasrainninghardwhenwearrived.2.“每当...的时候”（Impliesaregularity)eg.It'scoldwhenitsnoes.3.Iftheactionsindicatedbythemainclauseandtheyareinsequentialorder,itgenerallyusedwhen.eg.Iwillgohomewhenhecomesback.4.Whenisusedasacoordinatingconjunctions“突然”eg.Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.5.WhenandwhileConnectpresentparticiples,prepositionalphrasesandadjectives.eg.Whenreading,hefellasleep.DiscriminationofconfusableconjunctionsconjunctionsUsagewhen,while,asWhile1.“当...时候”Itcanonlybeusedwhenclausesarecontinuousverbs,butgenerallyinprogressivetense.eg.Don'ttalkingwhileyouaretalking.2.Itcanbeusedasacoordinatingconjunctionstomeanand,but.eg.Helikescoffeewhilehelikestea.eg.ShewasreadingwhileIwaswritingstorieslastnight.DiscriminationofconfusableconjunctionsconjunctionsUsagewhen,while,asAs1.“当...时候”Usuallyuseasisthesamewithwhen.2.Ifthetwowordsinthemainclausecontainonesideatthesametime.一边...一边means,usuallyuseas.eg.Shesangasshewentalong.3.Todenotetwoevolvingsituations,whichareequivalentto随着inChinese,yougenerallyuseas.eg.Thingsaregoingbetterandbetterastimegoeson.eg.Asitgrewdarker,itbecamecolder.2AdverbialClausesofPlace/Condition/RaesonAdverbialClausesofPlaceConjunctionsExamplesWhere,wherever,everywhere,anywhere·······•Putinarticleswhereitisnecessaryinthefollowingpassages.•Whereverhewent,hewaswarmlywelcomed.•Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanydoubtsorquestions.AdverbialClausesofConditionConjunctions:if,unless,onlyif(只要),ifonly(但愿···就好了),as/solongas,provide/providingthat,suppose/supposingthat(如果),onconditionthat(条件是),intheeventthat(倘若),incasethat(万一),given(that)考虑到AdverbialClausesofConditionCategoriesExamplesInrealconditionalsentences,thetensemustfollowthreeprinciples:•Theprincipalclauseusesfuturetense,whilethesubordinateclauseshouldusesimplepresenttense.•Theprincipalclauseusespresenttense,whilethesubordinateclauseshouldusesimplepresenttense.•Theprincipalclauseusespasttense,whilethesubordinateclauseshouldusesimplepasttense.•Iftheweatherisfinetomorrow,wewillhaveapicnic.•Youcan’tgetajobunlessyou’vegotexperience.•Iwilllendittoyouaslongasyouhandleitwithcare.AdverbialClausesofConditionCategoriesExamplesInunrealconditionalsentences,weshouldusesubjunctivemood.Andwecanomitif.•IfIhandenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyanewcar.•Ifitwerenotforyourhelp,wewouldn’tbeabletofinishthejobontime.WereitnotAdverbialClausesofConditionContrast:Onlyif(只要)Ifonly(但愿···就好了)‘Onlyif’leadsrealconditionalsentencesofindicativemood.When‘onlyif’isplacedattheheadofasentence,theprincipalclauseshoulduseinversion.eg.Onlyifyouworkhardwillyouachievesuccess.‘Ifonly’leadssentencesofunrealcondition.eg.Ifonlywehadarrivedatthestationintimelastyear,wewouldhavemethim.AdverbialClausesofReasonUsagesofconjunctionsExamples•Because:thestrongesttone*Only‘because’canbeusedinemphasissentences.•As,since:tonefromstrongtoweak•For:put‘for’inthebackofthesentences•Itwasbecausehewaslatethathedidn’tgowithus.•Thefuelmusthavebeenfinished,fortheenginestopped.Leadedby:nowthat,inthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,forfearthat,forthereasonthat····Hisfigureiswonderfulconsideringthatheeatssomuchchocolates.Thesubordinateclauseafter‘be+adj.’isalwaysseenasadverbialclausesofreason.•IamsorryIdidn’tfinishitontime.•Wearegladthatyouhavebeenawardedthisprice.3Adverbialclauseofconcessionandadverbial