What-is-pragmatic-failure-语用失误及举例.

Whatispragmaticfailure?Pragmaticfailurereferstocommunicationbreakdownresultingfrombeingunabletoreallyunderstandeachother.Pragmaticfailuresoccurswhenthespeakerfailstouselanguageeffectivelytoachieveaspecificcommunicativepurpose,orwhenthehearerfailstorecognizetheintentionortheillocutionaryforceofthespeaker’sutteranceinthecontextofcommunication.Pragmaticfailuremayoccurinintra-culturalcommunication,i.e.Betweenspeakersofthesameculturalbackground,butitismorelikelytooccurincross-culturalcommunication,i.e.Betweenspeakersofdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Example:ES:Oh,thedinnerissowonderful．CS:No,no,thedishisnotverytasty.Justhaveataste，ifitisnotgood，youmayleaveitontheplate．(Situation:AfteraChinesepersonstayedinanEnglishfriendhouse,shewasreadytoleave.)CS:I’msorryItookupyoutoomuchtime.ES:No,youdidn’t.(Situation:AChinesestudentwasatanativespeaker’shome.)ES:Whatwouldyouliketodrink?Teaorcoffee?CS:No,no,no.Notrouble,please.(Thehostdidnotservehimanythingtodrink.)