钻井泵基础知识

钻井泵基础知识Basicknowledgeofdrillingpump本课主要内容content一、钻井泵的结构和特点Structureandfeatureofdrillingpump二、钻井泵工作原理workingprincipleofdrillingpump三、钻井泵的使用operationofdrillingpump四、钻井泵的日常维护和检查routinemaintenanceandcheck-upofdrillingpump五、钻井泵常见故障判断及排除方法Frequentfailureandsolutionofdrillingpump六、钻井泵易损件及其更换方法consumableandreplacing一、钻井泵的结构和特点StructureandFeatureofDrillingPump钻井泵基本组成StructureofDrillingPump钻井泵的结构图structureofDrillingpump机架总成曲轴总成十字头总成液力端总成小齿轮轴总成小齿轮轴总成Pinionshaftassembly曲轴总成crankshaftassemble十字头总成crossingheadassemble液力端总成hydraulicendassemble排出管路总成dischargepipelineassembly排出空气包总成dischargeairdampenerassemblyHHF系列钻井泵主要特点featureofHHFseriesDrillingpump动力端powerend⑴机架采用钢板焊接件，强度高，刚性好，重量轻。Theframeadoptsthesteelplateweldmentwithhighstrength,goodrigidityandlighterweight.⑵整体人字齿轮传动，运转平稳.One-pieceherringbonegeardrivewithsmoothrunning⑶合金钢曲轴。可更换的十字头导板。Alloysteelcrankshaftandchangeablecrossheadguide⑷采用滚子轴承，提高了运转时的平稳性和承载能力。Adoptrollerbearingandimprovetherunningstabilityandloadcapacity⑸中间拉杆盘根采用先进密封结构，密封效果好。Theextensionrodadoptsadvancedpackingstructurewithgoodsealperformance.⑹动力端齿轮、轴承、十字头等部位采用强制润滑和飞溅润滑相结合的润滑方式。Gear,bearing,crossheadandsomeotherpartsatpowerendadoptsforcedlubricationandsplashlubricationmode.⑺应用施必牢防松螺母，拆装方便。AdoptsSpiralockself-lockingnutsandeasytoassemblyanddisassembly液力端hydraulicend⑴液缸采用直通式布置，可使液流平稳、结构紧凑、容积效率高。Thecylinderadoptsthego-throughlaying(over&undervalves-frontloading)tomaketheflowsmooth,structurecompactandwithhighvolumetricefficiency.⑵三个液缸具有互换性。Thethreecylindersareinterchangeable.⑶缸盖和阀盖能快速旋紧，装拆方便。Thecylindercoverandvalvecovercanbescreweddownquicklyandconvenienttodisassemblyandassembly⑷吸入阀和排出阀能通用互换。Suctionvalveanddischargevalvecaninterconvert.⑸采用敞开式的活塞与缸套内腔结构，便于观察。Adopttheopenedpistonandcylinderlinerstructureandconvenienttoobserve.二、钻井泵的工作原理Workingprincipleofdrillingpump动力机万向轴、皮带等小齿轮轴曲轴十字头总成连杆液力端总成机械能液体能转动往复运动PowerengineUniversalshaft,belt,etc.PinioncrankshaftCrossheadassemblyConnectionrodFluidendAssemblyMechanicalenergyHydraulicenergyrotationreciprocating钻井泵的工作过程workingprocedureofdrillingpump钻井泵的基本性能参数thebasicperformanceparameterofdrillingpump泵的理论排量：泵在单位时间内排出的介质体积称为泵的理论平均排量，简称为泵的理论排量，以Q表示。Theoreticdisplacement:themedium’scubagedischargedfromthepumpinunittimeiscalledthetheoreticaveragedisplacementofpump,shortenedfortheoreticdisplacementofpump,denotedwithQ.泵的工作压力：通常是指泵排出口处单位面积上所受到的液体作用力，简称为泵压，以p表示。Workingpressureofpump:generallyitistheliquidactingforceonunitareaofdischargeport,shortenedforpumppressure,denotedwithp.泵的额定功率和效率：单位时间内动力机传递给泵主动轴的能量，称为泵的输入功率；泵工作于额定冲次时的输入功率称为泵的额定功率，以N表示；单位时间内液体经泵作用后增加的能量称有效功率，也称水功率，以Nr表示；泵的效率是有效功率与输入功率的比值。Ratedpowerandefficiencyofpump:theenergythattheprimepowerengine(machine)transmitstothepump’sdrivingshaftinunittimeiscalledinputpowerofpump;theinputpowerwhilethepumprunsattheratedstrokesiscalledtheratedpowerofpump(denotedwithN);theincreasedenergyoftheliquidafterthepumpactinginunittimeiscalledtheeffectivepower,alsonamedhydraulicpower(denotedwithNr).Theefficiencyistheratioofeffectivepowerandinputpower.冲次：也称泵冲，指单位时间内活塞的往复次数，以n表示。Strokes:alsonamedpumpstrokes.Itisthepiston’sreciprocatingtimesinunittime,denotedwithn.(reallyitisaspeedparameterofmudpump)冲程长度：指活塞往复运动的距离，以S表示。Lengthofstroke:itisthereciprocatingdistanceofthepiston,denotedwithS.三、钻井泵的使用operationofDrillingpump钻井泵作为钻井作业的重要装备，在工作时向井底输送循环高压钻井液，冲洗井底、破碎岩石、冷却润滑钻头，并将岩屑携带返回地面。钻井泵使用我们从下面三方面讲：Itistheoneofthemostimportantdeviceofdrillingrig,ittransmitshighpressuredrillingfluidtoholebottomtowashthehole,breakrock,coolandlubricatebitandbringthecuttingstotheground.Weexplainthedrillingpumpcoursesintothreeparts:钻井泵的安装Theinstallationofpump钻井泵的启动thestartofpump泵在运转中的监视Inspectionduringpumpoperation(running)钻井泵的安装（一）钻井泵的安装Installationofdrillingpump钻井泵应安装在水平或略向液力端倾斜的底座上（倾斜度≤3°），以利于润滑油的流动。Thedrillingpumpshouldbeinstalledonaleveloralittledeclinedtofluidendskid(gradient≤3°),thisshallbegoodfortheflowoflubrication.泵的安装位置应尽量降低，泥浆池的位置应尽量提高，以提高钻井泵的吸入效率。Theinstallationpositionofpumpshouldtrytobeloweraspossible,andthepositionofmudpitsshouldtrytobehigheraspossible,sothatitcanimprovethesuctionefficiencyofthedrillingpump.吸入管线布置时应使灌注泵旁通联接，以便于当灌注泵有故障或进行维修时，钻井泵可以继续工作。Whenlaythesuctionlines,thechargepumpshouldbeconnectedby-passsothatthedrillingpumpcangoonworkingwhenthereissomethingwrongwiththechargepumpormaintainthechargepump.泵的吸入管入口端应高于泥浆池底约300mm，而且吸入管内径必须一致，吸入管的入口端不能正对泥浆池的入口（对泥浆罐也是如此）。Theinletportofthesuctionlineshouldbe300mmhigherthanthebottomofthemudpitandtheinternaldiameterofsuctionlineshouldbeidentical,Furthermore,theinletportofsuctionlineshouldnotfacetheinletofmudpit(sodoesthemudtank).剪销安全阀必须安装成可直接与泥浆接触，并且将安全阀排出端用无缝钢管直接引到泥浆罐，这条管线应尽可能少一些转折。若转弯应使弯头大于120°，不允许把安全阀的排出管线接到泵的吸入管上，在排出管路与安全阀之间不许安装任何型式的闸门。WheninstalltheShearsafetyvalve,itshouldcontactwithmuddirectly,andtheoutletendofsafetyvalveshouldbeconnectedtothemudtankwithseamlesssteelpipe,whishshouldtrytohavefewerswerves(elbow).Ifthereisaswerve,thebendangleshouldnotbelessthan120°.Thedischargelineofsafetyvalveshouldnotbeallowedtoconnecttothesuctionpipeofmudpump.Andalso,be