锌锅加热炉控制系统的设计

沈阳航空航天大学毕业设计（论文）------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1热浸镀锌线锌锅加热炉控制系统的设计沈阳航空航天大学2015年6月学院自动化学院专业自动化班级14070202学号2011040702085姓名赵程博指导教师张海军负责教师沈阳航空航天大学毕业设计（论文）------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I摘要近些年来，随重工业的发展和我国基础设施的建设，钢铁的使用量在逐年上升，根据统计，我国每年有50%的在用钢铁腐蚀报废，虽然约有70%的报废钢铁金属可以回收再利用，但是每年也有约10%的钢铁损失。所以钢铁材料防腐蚀是近些年重要的研究课题，目前国际上采用金属防腐的方法主要有两种：一，金属合金防腐，即将钢铁材料中加入一些其他金属元素，变成不锈钢；二，金属表面镀锌，因为锌比钢铁金属特性活跃，能够保护钢铁表面不受腐蚀。由于钢铁合金成本比较昂贵，所以很少采用这种方法。但是镀锌无毒，廉价并且防护性能也很优良，所以在金属防腐和表面防锈处理上经常采用热浸镀锌的方法，在该工业过程中最关键的工业设备就是锌锅加热炉，其在加热效率，能源消耗，锌锅使用寿命、系统运行与维护、废气排放等均受到人们的关注和重视。针对这一问题，本文详细设计了镀锌的关键设备锌锅加热炉，该加热炉采用西门子S7-300PLC作为控制系统，应用PID控制技术并配合外围硬件设备，HMI等组成锌锅温度控制系统，在严格控制锌液温度的同时还能保证炉膛的温度和压力不超过设定值范围，能够有效的保护炉体本身，延长加热炉的使用寿命。关键字：S7-300PLC；热浸镀锌；加热炉；PID应用热浸镀锌线锌锅加热炉控制系统的设计IIThedesignofzincpotcontrolsystemofheatingfurnaceinhotdipgalvanizinglineAbstractwiththedevelopmentofheavyindustryandtheconstructionoftheinfrastructureinourcountry.theamountofsteelusedinincreasedyearbyyear.accordingtostatistics,50%ofChina'sannualscrapsteelcorrosion.althoughabout70%oftheironandsteelscrapmetalcanberecycled,everyyearthereareabout10%oftheironloss.Sothesteelcorrosionisanimportantresearchtopicinrecentyears.thecurrentinternationalmethodusingmetalcorrosionmainlyhastwokinds:one,themetalalloycorrosion,stainlesssteelintoaddingsomeothermetalelements,theironandsteelmaterials;two,galvanizedmetalsurface,becausezincismoreactivethanthesteelmetalproperties,canprotectthesteelsurfacebycorrosion.Becausethesteelalloycostisrelativelyexpensive,sorarelyusedthismethod.Butthegalvanizednon-toxic,cheapandprotectiveperformanceisalsoverygood,sotheapplicationofhotdipgalvanizingasantirustmetalmaterials,anti-corrosiontreatmentprocesswidely,zincpotheatingfurnaceisakeyequipmentintheindustrialprocess,theenergyconsumption,heatingefficiency,zincpotlife,systemoperationandmaintenance,emissionswereaffectedbythepeopleconcernandattention.Tosolvethisproblem,thispaperusesSiemensS7-300PLCastheapplicationofPIDcontroltechnologyandcontrolsystemwiththehardwaredevice,HMIetc.thezincpottemperaturecontrolsystem,butalsointhestrictcontrolofthetemperatureofzincliquidwhileensuringthefurnacetemperatureandpressuredoesnotexceedthesetvalue,caneffectivelyprotectthefurnacebody,prolongfurnaceservicelife.Keywords:S7-300PLC;hotdipgalvanizing;heatingfurnace;applicationofPID沈阳航空航天大学毕业设计（论文）------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------III目录第一章绪论........................................................................................................III1.1热浸镀锌及锌锅加热炉控制系统发展概况..........................................11.1.1热浸镀锌发展概况.......................................................................11.1.2镀锌原理.......................................................................................21.2加热炉控制系统的发展概况..................................................................21.2.1串级并联双交叉限幅控制技术...................................................21.2.2模糊控制技术...............................................................................21.2.3PID控制技术................................................................................31.3可编程控制器的发展历程......................................................................31.4本文研究的主要内容..............................................................................4第二章燃烧系统单线图及常见设备简介..........................................................52.1燃烧系统单线图概述..............................................................................52.1.1烟道管路.......................................................................................52.1.2空气主管路...................................................................................52.1.3助燃风机.......................................................................................52.1.4燃气总管.......................................................................................62.1.5燃气总管快切阀...........................................................................72.1.6烧嘴控制.......................................................................................72.1.7总机械设计安装图纸...................................................................82.2常见设备简介..........................................................................................92.2.1烧嘴...............................................................................................92.2.2点火控制器SFD258介绍.........................................................102.2.3点火变压器.................................................................................112.2.4空气/燃气比例调节阀GIK.......................................................122.2.5空气电动调节阀.........................................................................14第三章电气图纸设计及接线原理图................................................................163.1配电柜的设计.....................................................