12081220+金雨鑫+Problem-9

Problem9answer1.Eachnetworktechnologyisdesignedtofitaspecificsetofconstraints.LANtechnologiesaredesignedtoprovidehigh-speedcommunicationacrossshortdistances.WANtechnologiesaredesignedtoprovidecommunicationacrosslargeareas.2.Mostmoderncomputercommunicationsystemsallowcommunicationbetweenanytwocomputersanalogoustothewayatelephonesystemprovidescommunicationbetweenanytwotelephones,knownasuniversalservice.Althoughthisserviceishighlydesirable,incompatibilitiesamongnetworkhardware,frames,andaddresspreventabridgednetworkfromincludingarbitrarytechnologies.3.ThebasiccomponentusedtoconnectheterogeneousnetworksisarouterwhichisanindependenthardwaresystemdedicatedtothetaskofinterconnectingnetworksandcontainsaprocessorandmemoryaswellasaseparateI/Ointerfaceforeachnetworktowhichitconnects.4.TheTCP/IPInternetProtocolsuiteisisthemostwidelyusedinternetProtocol.5.HostcomputertoreferstoacomputerthatconnectstotheInternetandrunsapplications.6.IPdefinesasetofspecialaddressformsthatarereserved7.Listtheprotocolsonnetworklayer:ICMP、IP、RARP、ARP.8.IPaddressingisindependentofhardwareaddressing.ItisauniformaddressinginInternetUsedbyHigher-layerprotocols、Applications、Users,alsocalledprotocoladdress.9.AnIPaddressdoesnotidentifyaspecificcomputer.Instead,eachIPaddressidentifiesaconnectionbetweenacomputerandanetwork..10.IPaddressisdividedintotwoparts:Aprefix：networkID，Asuffix：hostID11.InternetCorporationforAssignedNamesandNumbers(ICANN)authorityistohandleaddressassignmentandadjudicatedisputes.ICANNdoesnotassignindividualprefixes,Instead,ICANNauthorizesasetofregistrarsnamedISPstodoso.12.FourIPAddressingMethodsare:ClassfulIPAddressing、SubnetAddressing、ClasslessAddressing、NAT.•13.TheClassAIPaddressisusedfororganizationswithalargenumberofusersconnectedtotheInternetandasmallnumberofnetworks.•AClassBaddressisusedformedium-sizednetworkshavingmorethan255hosts..•AClassCaddressisusedfornetworkswithasmallnumberofhosts(thosenetworkswhosenumberofhostsdoesnotexceed255).14.Multi-homingissometimesusedtoincreasereliabilityandperformance.•Likearouter,amulti-homedhosthasmultipleprotocoladdresses,oneforeachnetworkconnection.