“化工原理”第6章《精馏》复习题.doc

为搞好山东省交通科学研究所研发基地项目的结算审计工作,我跟踪审计部特针对本项目作如下要求,请各施工单位、供货单位遵照执行：andperformancetestcopiesoftherecord.Ifnecessary,reviewshouldbecarriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplacement;guaranteedundervariousconditions,stressarewithintheallowedrange.Strength,stiffness,andmeetrequirementstopreventvibrationandsoothingwater,withoutaffectingtheadjacentequipmentmaintenanceandotherpipinginstallationandexpansion.D.equipmentconnectedtotheinterfacetomeetpipelinethrust(torque)limitrequirements;increasethestabilityofpipingsystemstopreventpipeline...Tubewallthickness(mm)2-34-67-10weldformnoslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-2weldwidthb(mm)5-67-6hasslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1.5-22weldwidthb(mm)coverhadeachedgeslopemouthabout2mmargonarcweldingweldstrengtheningsurfaceheightandwidthtubewallthickness(mm)2--33--45--6weldformweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-22-2.5widthb(mm)《化工原理》第六章“精馏”复习题一、填空题1.在汽-液相平衡的t-x-y图中,沸点与液相组成的关系曲线,称为________,沸点与汽相组成的曲线,称为____________.(***答案***液相线(或泡点线)汽相线(或露点线))2.在汽-液相平衡的t-x-y图中,液相线与汽相线将图平面平分为三个区:汽相线以上的区域称为________,液相线以下的区域称为_________,汽.液相线之间的区域为___________.(***答案***汽相区液相区汽液共存区)3.在y-x图中,以A组份标绘的平衡曲线在对角线的左上方,则表示A组分比B组分的挥发度______.平衡曲线若在对角线的右下方,则表示A组分比B组分挥发度_____.(***答案***高低)4.精馏过程,就是利用混合液的各组分具有不同的__________,利用_____________、_____________的方法,将各组分得以分离的过程.（***答案***沸点(或挥发度)多次部分汽化多次部分冷凝)5.某泡点进料的连续精馏塔中,进料组成xf=0.35,系统的平均相对挥发度α=2.44,当xf=0.93时,达到此分离要求的最小回流比Rmin=____.(***答案***1.66)6.当塔板中上升的汽相与下降液相之间达到＿＿＿＿＿时，该塔板称理论塔板。***答案***(相平衡)7.分离某些α接近1的物系时,可采用一些特殊的精馏方法,如_______，_________.(***答案***萃取精馏恒沸精馏)8.分离要求一定。当回流比为一定时，在五种进料状况中，＿＿＿＿进料的ｑ值最大，其温度＿＿＿＿＿＿，此时，提馏段操作线与平衡线之间的距离＿＿＿＿，分离所需的总理论板数＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。(***答案***冷液ｔF＜ｔ泡最远最少)9.精馏过程设计时，增大操作压强，则相对挥发度＿＿＿＿，塔顶温度＿＿＿＿，塔釜温度＿＿＿＿。（增大，减小，不变，不确定）(答案:减小，增加，增加)。10.对一定组成的二元体系，精馏压力越大，则相对挥发度＿＿＿＿＿＿，塔操作温度＿＿＿＿对分离＿＿_＿＿＿。(越小越高越不利)11.精馏操作的依据是混合液中各组分的＿＿＿＿＿差异。实现精馏操作的必要条件包括＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿_＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。(挥发度。塔顶液相回流塔底上升气流)12.简单蒸馏过程中，釜内易挥发组分浓度逐渐＿＿＿，其沸点则逐渐＿＿＿。(*答案*减小升高)13.试述五种不同进料状态下的q值：（1）冷液进料＿＿＿＿；（2）泡点液体进料＿＿＿＿＿；（3）汽液混合物进料＿＿＿；（4）饱和蒸汽进料＿＿＿＿；（5）过热蒸汽进料＿＿＿_____。(***答案***（1）ｑ＞1（2）ｑ＝1（3）0＜ｑ＜1（4）ｑ＝0（5）ｑ＜0）14.某连续精馏塔中，若精馏段操作线方程的截距等于零，则：（1）回流比等于＿＿＿；（2）馏出液量等于＿＿＿；（3）操作线斜率等于＿＿＿。（以上均用数字表示）(∞；0；1)15.某精馏塔的设计任务为：原料为F，xF，要求塔顶为xD塔底为xW。设计时若选定的回流比R不变，加料热状态由原来的饱和蒸汽加料改为饱和液体加料，则所需理论板数N＿＿＿，提馏段上升蒸汽量V'＿＿＿＿，提馏段下降液体量L'＿＿，精馏段上升蒸汽量V＿＿＿＿，精馏段下降液体量L＿＿＿＿。（增加，不变，减少）(***答案***减少，增加，增加，不变，不变。)16.某精馏塔在操作时，加料热状态由原来的饱和液体进料改为冷液进料，且保持F，xf，回流比R和提馏段上升蒸汽量V'不变，则此时D＿＿＿＿，xd＿＿＿＿，W＿＿＿＿，xw＿＿＿＿＿＿。（增加，不变，减少，无法确定）(***答案***减少，增加，增加，增加)17.精馏塔中的恒摩尔流假设，其主要依据是各组分的＿＿__＿＿＿＿＿＿，但精馏段与提馏段的摩尔流量由于＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿影响而不一定相等。(***答案***摩尔潜热相等进料状态的不同)18.某精馏塔操作时，F，xF，q，D保持不变，增加回流比R，则此时xD＿＿＿，xW＿＿＿＿V＿＿＿为搞好山东省交通科学研究所研发基地项目的结算审计工作,我跟踪审计部特针对本项目作如下要求,请各施工单位、供货单位遵照执行：andperformancetestcopiesoftherecord.Ifnecessary,reviewshouldbecarriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplacement;guaranteedundervariousconditions,stressarewithintheallowedrange.Strength,stiffness,andmeetrequirementstopreventvibrationandsoothingwater,withoutaffectingtheadjacentequipmentmaintenanceandotherpipinginstallationandexpansion.D.equipmentconnectedtotheinterfacetomeetpipelinethrust(torque)limitrequirements;increasethestabilityofpipingsystemstopreventpipeline...Tubewallthickness(mm)2-34-67-10weldformnoslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-2weldwidthb(mm)5-67-6hasslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1.5-22weldwidthb(mm)coverhadeachedgeslopemouthabout2mmargonarcweld