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名词性从句概念：一个句子，在连词的引导下，在另一个句子中充当名词使用，叫名词从句名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句可以表示：事实和问题。•1.连接词有：thatwhether和lf•2.连接代词有：whowhomwhosewhichwhat等•3.连接副词有：whenwherewhyhow等•另外whatever，whoever，whichever等也可以引导主语和宾语两种从句。•名词性从句中的“that”没有词义，也不作任何成分在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。1.主语从句在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.Thathestoleabikewastrue.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound.Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：1）It+be+名词+that从句2）It+be+形容词+that从句3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句4）It+不及物动词+that从句Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Itisapitythat…it’sashamethat…It’snowonderthat…Itissuggestedthat…It’srequestedthat…It’sproposedthat…,It’sdesiredthat…注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：ItisnecessaryIt’simportant,It’snaturalstrange,etc.)that…•1．___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.•A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How•2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.•AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere•3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry____theFirstWorld.•A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedto•C.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingto•4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.•A.waterisB.thatwateris•C.iswaterD.thatwaterto•5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggray.•A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when•6.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.•A.isB.areC.hasDhaveABDBBA2.宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.)由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.注意:在demand,order,suggest,advise,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+动词原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexamination.2)用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.3)用whether或if引导的宾语句whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有ornot时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether.Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用。Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?4)宾语从句中的时态呼应宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；IknowthathestudiesEnglisheveryday.Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.WeallknowthathehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.IknowthathestudiedEnglishlastterm.如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.5)当主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。Wedon’tbelievethathewillwinthegame.Idon’tthinkhewilldoso.6)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyonewho,anythingthat等。它们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatterwho/what/which。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.1.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansound.(travel)2.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)3.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)4.Tomsaysthatthey_________(play)basketballyesterdayevening.5.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.6.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)7.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)8.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)9.LingFengtoldmehe_________totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be)travelswereplayinghavereturnedhadbeenwrotehastakenhadbeengoeswillbe三.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.•1．它的作用：对主语进行解释说明。•连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句)、because•连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what•连接副词：when/where/why/how/•Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.•That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.•Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.•That’swhyIwaslate/whereIwillgo.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Thisisbecausehemissedthetrainbyoneminute.需要注意的是，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.1.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A