高考语法复习系列十一名词性从句1.名词性从句考点1、引导词that与what;that与whether;if与whether;what与how等的区别;2、名词性从句的时态和语序问题;3、名词性从句的语气问题;4、同位语从句与定语从句的比较区别。1、名词性从句的引导词问题问题1:Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger______itwas20yearsago,_____itwassopoorlyequipped.(05安徽卷)A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;thatA前句考查的是that与what的区别。that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,而what可充当名词性的成分。前句的表语从句中还缺少表语,故只能用what。后句是定语从句,修饰20yearsago,所以须用when。问题2:1)Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(上海2001)A.whenB.ifC.whetherD.why2)Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand_______itisroughorsmooth.(05天津卷)A.不填B.whetherC.howD.whatCB在名词性从句中表示“是否”这一概念时,连词if一般只能引导宾语从句,而题1是表语从句,故不能选B;注意doubt的用法,如果是肯定句,用whether,如果是否定句,用that。宾语从句中,以下情况只用whether不用if:①与or连用时;②后接不定式短语时;③在decide;besure等动词后。问题3:______leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(MET1988)A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.WhoCwhoever引导名词性从句时表示“无论哪一个”,相当于anyonewho;who引导名词性从句时表示带有疑问的“谁”。根据该题的意思不难作出选择。选项A,B后都缺少了who,而引导定语从句的who是不能省略的。同时还需要注意whoever与nomatterwho;whatever与nomatterwhat等的区别。wh-ever既可引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句,而nomatterwh-只能引导状语从句。问题4:1)Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize___sillymistakesIhadmade.(05湖南卷)A.whatB.thatC.howD.which2)Parentsaretaughttounderstand______importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.(04广东)A.thatB.howC.suchD.soABwhat与how引导感叹句时,what后加名词,how后加形容词和副词。其结构为:What+(a)+(adj.)+n.但要注意在what后不能加表示数量的many;much;few;little等词。How+adj.+(a)+(n.),要注意的是how后的名词只能为单数名词。题1中是复数名词,只能用what;题2中的正常语序是…educationisimportanttotheir…,所以选B。2、名词性从句中的时态问题问题1:1、Scientiststhinkthatthecontinents_____alwayswherethey_____today.(05北京卷)A.aren’t;areB.aren’t;wereC.weren’t;areD.weren’t;were2、—Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.—Oh!Ithoughtthey______withoutme.(05江西卷)A.wentB.aregoingC.havegoneD.hadgoneCD当主句的动词为现在和将来时态时,名词性从句中的动作根据所发生的时间来定,可以有各种时态;当主句的动词为过去时态时,从句中的动作一般都要使用相应的过去时,除非表示客观真理。3、名词性从句中的语序问题问题1:1、Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee____.(全国2000)A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis2、Thephotographswillshowyou____.(MET1989)A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslikeDB名词性从句中都用陈述语序,不用倒装语序。题1中的干扰项是B,对想要知道的人提问或应答都用it而不用人称代词he,I,you等。题2只要注意是介词宾语就行了。4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词suggest,order,demand,request,desire,insist,require,decide,determine,advise,recommend,deserve(值得提及)后需用should型的虚拟语气。考题点击:1.Theteacherdemandedthatthework_____before4o’clock.A.finishedB.befinishedC.shouldfinishD.finish2.---Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmother’sillness?---Hesuggestedthatshe_____anoperationatonce.A.musthaveB.hadC.haveD.hadhadBCB、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型:a.Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted;+(should)dob.Itisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperative…c.Itisapity,ashame,nowonder考题点击:1.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastoldDBC、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.考题点击:1.Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantryA5、it作形式主语或形式宾语的问题问题1:1、_____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It2、Ilike______intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(04全国I)AthisBthatCitDone3、Thechairmanthought______necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(05全国卷1)A.thatB.itC.thisD.himDCB主语、宾语从句常用先行词it代替,而将其置于句末。但由whatever,whoever引导的主语从句一般不用it代替。6、其它需要注意的几个问题1)在think,believe,suppose,expect,guess等动词后的否定前移问题;2)在hope,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,think,expect,tell,say,fear以及beafraid等词语后,可用so代替一个宾语从句(指代上文涉及之事)。3)记住同位语从句的“先行词”,如:“advice,belief(信念),doubt(怀疑),fact,fear,hope,idea,knowledge,news,order,problem,question,remark(意见),reply,report,suggestion,thought(想法),wish,”等。4)同位语从句与定语从句的区别