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高三英语总复习专题系列训练完形填空的技巧宝安高级中学高三英语备课组完形填空是高考英语试题中一个重要的题型，不过考生的得分率往往较低。其实完形填空是一种很好的综合性题型，它不仅考查学生对所学词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的阅读能力；不仅考查学生的知识背景，而且考查学生的逻辑推理能力。它是一种综合考查学生语言能力，特别是语篇层次上交际能力的较难题型。为了提高综合语言能力，考生在复习中可从以下几个方面着手：(1)培养熟练运用英语语法、短语、惯用法和搭配等知识的能力。一个人的语法知识越丰富，阅读速度就越快，对文章的理解就越全面、深刻。完形填空不直接考查语法，但它通过检查理解程度，间接地考查语法知识。习语和惯用法的搭配要作为一个语言整体来记忆，平时在阅读中要不断锤炼自己的辨析能力。(2)培养丰富的词汇知识和扎实的辨义能力。在阅读中要注意这么几个方面：词义相近，差异何在；词形相仿，区别何在；意义近似，用法如何。当然，单词的语法知识是基础中的基础。(3)掌握阅读技巧，提高语篇理解的能力。完形填空的主旨在于考查阅读理解能力，这种能力要靠平时的科学训练才能取得。学会成组视读、略读和寻读，这就加快了阅读速度；善抓语篇的关键词、关键句、主题句和结论句，这就有助理解整篇文章。(4)学会正确的逻辑推断方法，锐化自己的思维能力。逻辑思维能力有助于对文章深层次意义的理解，从而更容易完成“完形”的任务，恢复文章的原貌。要顺利推知未知信息，必须加强泛读以拓宽自己的知识面。做完形填空试题，切忌边看短文，边选答案，因为这样解题易脱离上下文孤立地看句子，从而产生错误。一般地说，解答完形填空题应遵循以下四个步骤：(4)重读全文，校核答案。重读信息完整的文章，可以进一步加深对文章的理解。根据文章的中心思想与各段落之间、前句与后句之间的内在逻辑关系，检查文章的整体性。也可以从语法、惯用法和固定搭配等方面进一步验证所选答案，修改不合理部分。(1)通读全文，理解大意。文章大都有中心议题和中心内容。只有通读全文，才能全局在胸，理清思路。只有抓住了文章的主线，展开解题思路，才可使思维朝着正确的方向发展。在阅读中要特别注意提示句，并尽量记忆关键词、句，力求把文章内容串连起来。(2)边读边想，初选试填。考生要遵循词不离句、句不离文的原则，用平时积累的英语语法和语言知识及根据文中语义、逻辑和搭配的需要推测选项。在选择的过程中要先易后难；对少数难题，可以先暂定答案，在复读全文后再分析推敲。(3)瞻前顾后，寻觅启示。获得信息的来源有以下几个方面：首句所提供的信息；通读全文所获得的信息；已补充完整的句子所提供的信息；后文所提供的信息；平时积累的日常常识和背景知识所提供的信息。对上述信息全面考虑，寻找启示，选择选项。（一）充分利用文章的结构，上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。有时可能是同义词，有时可能是反意词。例如：1)Travellingwest,yousetyourclock__7__;travellingeast,yousetitahead.A.behindB.forwardC.backD.ahead2)Travelling__15__todaybecomesyesterday;travellingwestitistomorrow.A.southB.eastC.northD.west3)Manyoldpeopledon'thavegood__13__.Theycan'twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesightD.time4)They__10__potatoesindifferentways.Theycanboilthemandfrythem.A.cookB.eatC.makeD.take5)ManyAfricansarevery__14__andsotheycan'taffordtoeatmuchmeatwiththeircereal.A.healthyB.poorC.richD.weak6)Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery,very__7__.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous7)Thesefloatingthingsarevery__18__.Itishardtoseethem.A.bigB.fastC.smallD.dangerous8)Theinsideoftheearthisvery,very__1__.Therockhasmeltedlikeice.A.deepB.coldC.hardD.hot9)Usuallyitcannot(getout)becausetheoutsideoftheearthistoothickandstrong.Butinsomeplacestheoutsideoftheearthis__7__andweak.A.thinB.thickC.flatD.water10)Sotheslavewaspardonedand__50__.A.killedB.richC.happyD.freed11)…orbythefasttrainwhichcostalittlemorethanthebusjourneybutalittle__8__thanflying.A.moreB.fewerC.lessD.cheaper12)Someonehadtakenthe__14__diamondandputafaultyoneinitsplace.A.realB.pureC.rightD.exact13)MrsO'Neillasked__7__questions,andshedidn'tscolduseither.A.noB.certainC.manyD.more14)__20__thewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocket__21__turnedovertothepoliceman?Shouldtheextrachangereceivedatthestorebeforgottenorreturned?20.A.ShouldB.MustC.WouldD.Need21.A.andB.orC.thenD.but(二)注意固定的搭配。包括介词与动词的搭配、动词与宾语的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等。要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：1)Theyspendmillionsofdollarsyearly__2__newspapersandmagazines…A.inB.toC.onD.at2)SomepeopleinIndiadonoteatmeatorfish__6__.A.afterallB.intheendC.atallD.nolonger3)Theworld'spopulationisbecoming__7__.A.fasterandfasterB.moreandmoreC.largerandlargerD.moreterrible4)Thecity(Washington)wasnamed__13__GeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.A.byB.forC.asD.after5)Theycan'twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornews__14__theradio.A.fromB.forC.overD.of6)Ifyou__4__afive-daytripacrosstheAtlanticOcean,yourshipentersadifferentzoneeveryday.A.takeB.travelC.gotoD.do7)Itwas4o'clockwhenthefrontdoorbellrang.MrsClarkewas__13__teaatthetime.A.cookingB.makingC.burningD.serving8)Itwasn'tlong__23__thepolicecaughtthethief.A.beforeB.sinceC.untilD.when9)Intheirlessonsatschool,boysandgirlsalllearnaboutsuchvirtues__19__courage,discipline,andloveforone'scountry.A.likeB.asC.forD.to10)Theycanbuildupourbodies,preventus__7__gettingtoofat.A.offB.awayC.fromD.in11)Hesimplystared__5__herwiththatpeculiarexpression__6__hisface.5.A.onB.toC.inD.at6.A.inB.onC.withD.behind（三）注意同义词的辩义1)SoonIhearda__11__likethatofadoorburstin,andthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.from2)Givemeahand,heshouted__19__hegotneartheboat.A.whileB.tillC.forD.as3)Heeventhoughtofgoingoutintothestreettoseewhetherhecouldpassasapolicemanoutthere.Justfor__6__,ofcourse.A.jokeB.funC.playD.exercise4)Itwasapleasantwayofpassingtimeforanoldwomanwholived__2__.A.lonelyB.aloneC.awayD.busily5)Thebackdoorandthewindowswerealllockedandtherewasno__5__offorcedentry.A.sceneB.showC.signD.sight6)Thereisnothingreallynewabout__4__inexams.A.lyingB.cheatingC.guessingD.discussing（四）根据动作的发出者确定所选的词1)Andvideocamerascanbeusedto__16__people'sactionsathome.A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch2)Thebrainthenhastodecidewhattodo,and__12__itsorderstothemusclesofthearms,legs,andsoon,…A.sendB.sendsC.reachD.reaches3)Thewatch,whichMrsSmithhad__1__onthetableasshestartedherlecture,disappeared.A.seenB.droppedC.foundD.laid4)Whenthepaperswere__2__shediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactlythesamemistakesthroughoutthetest.A.examinedB.completedC.markedD.answered5)Onceshe(chimpanzee)wasputina__1__withfoodhangingfromtheceiling.Itwastoohighto__2__.1.A.caveB.zooC.roomD.museum2.A.pullB.seeC.eatD.reach（五）根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项1)…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingth