Water_Supply_Water_Treatment

ARMYTM5-813-3AIRFORCEAFM88-10,Vol3WATERSUPPLY,WATERTREATMENT.DEPARTMENTSOFTHEARMYANDTHEAIRFORCE16SEPTEMBER1985TM5-813-3/AFM88-10,Vol3●REPRODUCTIONAUTHORIZATION/RESTRICTIONSThismanualhasbeenpreparedbyorfortheGovernmentand,excepttotheextentindicatedbelow,ispublicpropertyandnotsubjecttocopyright.Copyrightedmaterialincludedinthemanualhasbeenusedwiththeknowledgeandpermissionoftheproprietorsandisacknowledgedassuchatpointofuse.Anyonewishingtomakefurtheruseofanycopyrightedmaterial,byit-selfandapartfromthistext,shouldseeknecessarypermissiondirectlyfromtheproprietors.Reprintsorrepublicationsofthismanualshouldincludeacreditsubstantiallyasfollows:“JointDepartmentsoftheArmyandAirForce,USA,TechnicalManualTM5-813-3/AFM88-10,Volume3,WaterSupply,WaterTreat-ment.”Ifthereprintorrepublicationincludescopyrightedmaterial,thecreditshouldalsostate:“Anyonewishingtomakefurtheruseofcopyrightedmaterial,byitselfandapartfromthistext,shouldseeknecessarypermissiondirectlyfromtheproprietors.”CHAPTER1.GENERALPurposeandscope.......................................Watertreatmentprojects.................................Waterqualitycriteriaandstandards.........................2.WATERTREATMENTPROCESSESProcessselectionfactor................................Preliminarytreatment...............................Aeration..............................................Coagulationandflocculation...............................Sedimentationbasins.....................................Filtration..............................................Disinfection............................................Fluorideadjustment.....................................Taste-and-odorcontrol...................................Softening..............................................Ironandmanganesecontrol................................Corrosionandscalecontrol................................Specialprocesses....................,.,.......,....3.WATERTREATMENTSYSTEMSGeneraldesigncriteria....................................Plantsiting...........................................Processselectionanddesign...............................Reliability,............................................Operatingconsiderations..................................Plantcapacity..............................4.MEASUREMENTANDCONTROLlMeasurementofprocessvariables...........................Control,..............................................Designofinstrumentsandcontrols..........................5.WATERTREATMENTCHEMICALSChemicalproperties......................................Chemicalstandards......................................Chemicalhandlingandstorage.............................Chemicalapplication.....................................6.WATERTREATMENTPLANTWASTESQuantitiesandcharacteristicsofwaste.......................Wastemanagement.............................APPENDIXAWATERQUALITYCRITERIAANDSTANDARDS............1-11-21-32-12-22-32-42-52-62-72-82-92-102-112-122-133-13-23-33-43-53-64-14-24-35-15-25-35-46-16-2.....BDESIGNEXAMPLES...........................................CLABORATORIESANDLABORATORYANALYSES...................DMETRICCONVERSIONFACTORS...............................PREFERENCES.................................................BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................BIBLIOiTM5-813-3/AFM88-10,Vol3CHAPTER1GENERAL1-1.Purposeandscope.Thismanual,intendedforplannersanddesignengi-neers,presentsinformationonwaterqualitystand-ardsanddesigncriteriaforwatertreatmentprocesses.Thismanualalsoestablishescriteriatobefollowedindeterminingthenecessityforandtheextentoftreat-ment,andonproceduresapplicabletotheplanningofwatertreatmentprojects.ThismanualisapplicabletoallelementsoftheArmyandAirForceresponsiblefortheplanninganddesignofmilitaryconstruction,1-2.Watertreatmentproiects.Statehealthdepartment,Statewaterresource,andU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencypersonnel,asappropriate,shouldbeconsultedintheearlystagesofprojectplanningregardingsupplysourcesandasso-ciatedwatertreatmentneeds.Inadditiontotheusualtreatmentthatmayberequiredtoinsuredeliveryofpotablewater,considerationwillbegiventotheneedforspecialtreatmenttoprotectpipelines,waterheat,-ers,plumbingfixtures,andotherequipmentagainstscaling,corrosion,andstaining,Becauseofthewidelyvaryingconditionsandthemanytypesofwater,itisnotpossibletoestablishcriteriaforallcasesofspecialwatertreatment.Treatmentforpreventionofscalingandcorrosionmaynotbeentirelyeffective;andinmanycasesadecisionastothenecessityofspecialtreatmentcannotbereachedpriortoactualoperatingexperiences.Ingeneral,specialtreatmentwillbepro-videdonlyincaseswhereastudyofwateranalysesandexperiencewiththewaterdefinitelyshowthattherewillbeseverecorrosionofthewatersystemorthatseverescalingofhot-waterheaters,storagetanks,andotherpartsoftheplumbingsystemwilloccur.Marginalcaseswillbedeferredandtreatmentpro-videdonlyafteroperatingexperiencedeterminestreatmenttobenecessary.1-3.Waterqualitycriteriaandstandards.InformationoncurrentcriteriaandstandardsforrawandpotablewaterarepresentedinappendixA.1-1TM5-813-3/AFM88-10,Vol