语言学-全部习题+答案

第三章MorphologyI.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse：1.Morphologystudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.2.Wordsarethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguage.3.Justasaphonemeisthebasicunitinthestudyofphonology，soisamorphemethebasicunitinthestudyofmorphology.4.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitsthatcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselvesarefreemorphemes.5.Boundmorphemesincludetwotypes：rootsandaffixes.6.Inflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber，tense，degree，andcase.7.Theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeaddediscalledastem，whichcanbeaboundroot，afreemorpheme，oraderivedformitself.8.Prefixesusuallymodifythepartofspeechoftheoriginalword，notthemeaningofit.9.Therearerulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewword.Therefore，wordsformedaccordingtothemorphologicalrulesareacceptablewords.10.Phonetically，thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement，whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.II.Fillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven：11.M____isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.12.Theaffix“-ish”intheword‘boyish’conveysag____meaning.13.B___________morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes，eitherfreeorbound，toformaword.14.Affixesareoftwotypes：inflectionalaffixesandd__________affixes.15.D________affixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreatewords.16.As______isaddedtotheendofstemstomodifythemeaningoftheoriginalwordanditmaycasechangeitspartofspeech.17.C__________isthecombinationoftwoorsometimesmorethantwowordstocreatenewwords.18.Therulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewwordarecalledm___________rules.19.Intermsofmorphemicanalysis，d_______________canbeviewedastheadditionofaffixestostemstoformnewwords.20.As______canbeaboundroot，afreemorpheme，oraderivedformitselftowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement：21Themorpheme“vision”inthecommonword“television”isa（n）______.A.boundmorphemeB.boundformC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freemorpheme22.Thecompoundword“bookstore”istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompound__________.A.isthesumtotalofthemeaningofitscomponentsB.canalwaysbeworkedoutbylookingatthemeaningsofmorphemesC.isthesameasthemeaningofafreephraseD.Noneoftheabove23.Thepartofspeechofthecompoundsisgenerallydeterminedbythepartofspeechof__________.A.thefirstelementB.thesecondelementC.eitherthefirstorthesecondelementD.boththefirstandthesecondelements24._______arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes，eitherfreeorbound，toformaword.A.FreemorphemesB.BoundmorphemesC.BoundwordsD.Words25._________isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.A.SyntaxB.GrammarC.MorphologyD.Morpheme26.Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis_______.A.lexicalB.morphemicC.grammaticalD.semantic27.Boundmorphemesarethosethat___________.A.havetobeusedindependentlyB.cannotbecombinedwithothermorphemesC.caneitherbefreeorboundD.havetobecombinedwithothermorphemes28.____modifythemeaningofthestem，butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.A.PrefixesB.SuffixesC.RootsD.Affixes29._________areoftenthoughttobethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.A.WordsB.MorphemesC.PhonemesD.Sentences30.“-s”intheword“books”is_______.A.aderivativeaffixB.astemC.aninflectionalaffixD.arootIV.Definethefollowingterms：31.morphology32.inflectionalmorphology33.derivationalmorphology34.morpheme35.freemorpheme36.boundmorpheme37.root38.affix39.prefix40.suffix41.derivation42.CompoundingV.Answerthefollowingquestions：43.WhatarethemainfeaturesoftheEnglishcompounds？44.Discussthetypesofmorphemeswithexamples.SuggestedAnswersI.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.l.T2.F3.T4.T5.T6.T7.T8.F9.F10.TII.Fillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.11.Morpheme12.grammatical13.Bound14.derivative15.Derivative16.suffix17.Compounding18.morphological19.derivation20.stemIII.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.2l.D22.D23.B24.B25.C26.C27.D28.A29.B30.CIV.Definethefollowingterms.31.Morphology：Morphologyisabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.32.Inflectionalmorphology：Theinflectionalmorphologystudiestheinflections33.Derivationalmorphology：Derivationalmorphologyisthestudyofword-formation.34.Morpheme：Itisthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.35.Freemorpheme：Freemorphemesarethemorphemeswhichareindependentunitsofmeaningandcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselvesorincombinationwithoth­ermorphemes.36.Boundmorpheme：Boundmorphemesarethemorphemeswhichcannotbeusedindepen­dentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes，eitherfreeorbound，toformaword.37.Root：Arootisoftenseenaspartofaword；itcanneverstandbyitselfal­thoughitbearsclear，definitemeaning；itmustbecombinedwithanotherrootoranaffixtoformaword.38.Affix：Affixesareoftwotypes：inflectionalandderivati