轮机英语3

Quiz4forL7&L8PartINewWordDictationPartIIMultipleChoicePartIIITranslationA.SentenceB.PhrasesPartIVAnswerthequestionsPartINewWordDictation1.accommodate收容，装有2.auxiliary辅助的，备用的3.burst突然爆裂，爆发，冲破4.explosion爆炸5.facility设备6.feature功能，部件7.effect实现，到达，作用，效果8.drop下跌，下落，下降9.prevent防止，预防10.direct指导，指挥，直接的PartIIMultipleChoice1．________isthemainreasonthatreducesthepoweradvantageofatwo-strokeengineoverasamesizefour-strokeonetoabout_________.A.Inefficientscavenging;twiceB.Inefficientscavenging;1.8timesC.Fewerstrokesinacircle;twiceD.Fewerstrokesinacircle;1.8times答案B(p8,para5)扫气不充分是将与四冲程柴油机相同尺寸的二冲程柴油机的功率优势降低到大约1.8倍的主要原因Inefficientscavenging扫气不充分2．Iftheengineisnaturallyaspiratedorisasmallhigh-speedtypewithacentrifugalturbocharger,theperiodofvalveoverlap,i.e.whenbothvalvesare_______,willbe_______,andtheexhaustvalvewillclosesome10°_______topdeadcenter.A.open;short;afterB.closed;short;afterC.open;long;beforeD.closed;long;before答案A(p8,para2)如果柴油机是自然换气或带有径流增压器的小型高速机，气阀重叠的时间，即两气阀同时开启的时间将很短。排气阀将在上止点后10度左右关闭。naturallyaspirated自然换气centrifugalturbocharger径流增压器topdeadcenter上止点3．Inatwo-strokeengine,therearealwaysaseriesofopeningsknownas________,andinsomecircumstances,therearealsoopeningsknownas________,inthepartofthecylinderlinerinsidethescavengingairbox.A.scavengingairports;exhaustportsB.inletports;scavengingairportsC.scavengingairports;inletportsD.exhaustports;inletports答案A(p16,Lastpara)在二冲程柴油机中，有一列开口被称为扫气口。在某种情况下，在汽缸套伸入扫气箱内的部位也有一列开口被称作排气口。scavengingairbox扫气箱4．Insometypeoftwo-strokeengines,besidessomesmallholesfor________,startingvalve,safetyvalve,indicatorcock,andsoon,thereisalargecentralopeningineachcylindercoverformountingthe_________.A.fuelvalves;exhaustvalveB.exhaustvalves;inletvalveC.fuelvalves;inletvalveD.exhaustvalves;fuelvalve答案A(p17para3)在一些二冲程柴油机中，在缸盖上除了有一些小孔用于安装喷油器，起动阀，安全阀，示功阀等，还有一个大型的中心孔用于安装排气阀。startingvalve起动阀safetyvalve安全阀indicatorcock示功阀5．Inatwo-strokeengine,thepistonconsistsofalowerpart,whichisnamedas_______andusuallymadeof_______,andaupperpart,whichisreferredtoas_______andmadeof_______.A.low-half,castiron;top-half,heat-resistantsteelB.low-half,aluminum;top-half,stainlesssteelC.pistonskirt;castiron;pistoncrown;heat-resistantsteelD.pistonskirt;aluminum;pistoncrown;stainlesssteel答案C在二冲程柴油机中，活塞由其下部----铸铁制成的活塞裙，以及上部----耐热钢制成的活塞头组成。6．Inordertokeeptheoilfilmonthecylinderlinerduringtherunning-inperiod,thepistonringsareslightlyrounded______.A.onboththeexternalandinternaltopedgesB.onboththeexternaltopandbottomedgesC.onboththeexternalandinternalbottomedgesD.onallthefouredges答案B(p17,para5fromthelast)活塞环顶部和底部的外缘都稍有倒角，以便在新活塞环磨合期间缸套上留有油膜。running-inperiod磨合期7．Inordertocontrolthermalstresses,sometypesofmodernenginesusepistonswith______.A.heavywallandintensivecoolingB.heavywallandnocoolingC.thinwallandnocoolingD.thinwallandintensivecooling答案D(p17,para4fromthelast为了控制热应力，有的柴油机采用薄壁强冷的活塞。thermalstresses热应力8.Inordertoimprovetheworkingconditionsofthecrossheadbearings,thebearingpressureismade_______andtheperipheralspeedismade_______inlaterdesigns.A.smaller,higherB.higher,smallerC.smaller,smallerD.higher,higher答案A(p18para2)为了改善十字头轴承工作状况，后来的设计中轴承的压力减少,圆周速度提高。thecrossheadbearings十字头轴承peripheralspeed圆周速度9．Whentheheavyfueloilisheatedtoachievetheviscosityof10-15cSt,_______mayoccur.Toavoidthis,a_______systemisusedinmostoccasions.A.boilingandcavitations;lowtemperatureB.boilingandcavitations;pressurizedC.leakingandboiling;lowtemperatureD.leakingandboiling;pressurized答案B(p24,lastpara)重油加热到10-15cSt粘度时会产生沸腾和气穴，为了避免出现这一现象，在大多数情况下会使用压力系统。10．Thefuelfromthebunkertanksmustbetreatedby_______beforeenteringtheservicetanks,fromwherethefuelenters_______.A.centrifugalseparators;theenginecylinderB.oilywaterseparators;theenginecylinderC.oilywaterseparators;thefuelsupplysystemD.centrifuges;thefuelsupplysystem答案D(p25,para1)燃油舱中的燃油在进入日用柜前必须经过离心分油机的处理，然后才能进入燃油供应系统。thebunkertanks燃油舱theservicetanks日用柜11．Thefollowingoptionsareallthefunctionsoflubricatingoilexcept_______.A.removingheatanddepositsB.neutralizingacidicC.lubricatingD.improvingcombustionefficiency答案D(p37,para2)润滑油的功能不包括提高燃烧效率。removingheatanddeposits去除热量与沉积物neutralizingacidic中和酸12._________dieselenginesgenerallyhavetwosystemsoflubrication:atotallosssystemfeeding________andacirculatingsystemlubricatingtherunninggearandcoolingthepistons.A.Largecrossheadtype,crossheadB.Highspeed,thecylindersC.Largecrossheadtype,thecylindersD.Four-stroke,pistonsandcylinders答案C大型十字头式柴油机通常有两种润滑系统，用于气缸润滑的全消耗系统和用于润滑运动部件及冷却活塞的循环系统。13．Insomedieselenginedesigns,theinjectionofcylinderoilistimedtoimpingewhenthepiston________andonlyimpingeon_________.A.iscomingupward,cylinderringbeltB.isgoingdownward,pistonringbeltC.iscomingupward,pistonringbeltD.isgoingdownward,cylinderringbelt答案C(p37,para4)在某些柴油机的类型中，气缸的注油是定时的，当活塞上行时，油只注到活塞环带区。istimed是定时的impinge注射14．Largecrossheadtypeenginegenerallyhastwolubricationsystems,afunctionperformedonlybycylinderoilsystemis_________.A.lubricatingB.coolingC.sealingD.cleaning答案C(p37,para4)大型十字头式柴油机通常有两种润滑系统，只由气缸润滑系