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直接引语变间接引语一、如何变人称�口诀�一随主。二随宾�第三人称不更新。―一随主‖是指在直接引语变间接引语时�如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如�Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.‖→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时�若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称�如�HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?‖→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。―第三人称不更新‖是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如�MrSmithsaid,―Jackisagoodboy.‖→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.二、如何变时态�直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1)一般现在时→一般过去时态�Shesaid:―Iamastudent.‖→Shesaid(that)shewasastudent.2)一般将来时→过去将来时Shesaid,Hewillgotoseehisfriend.‖→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。Tomsaid,―Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.‖→Tomsaidhewasgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.3)现在进行时→过去进行时�Shesaid,―Iamreadingabook.‖→Shesaidshewasreadingabook.注意�以下几种情况时态不变①直接引语是客观真理。TheteachersaidTheearthmovesaroundthesun.‖→Theteachersaidmetheearthmovesaroundthesunearth.②直接引语是过去进行时�时态不变。Jacksaid.―IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme‖→JacksaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语�变为间接引语时�时态不变。如�Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.→JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作�变间接引语�时态不变。如�Hesaid,―Igetupatsixeverymorning。‖→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变�例�could,should,would,might�Thedoctorsaid,―Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.‖→ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.‖和已经是过去时的形式时�例�oughtto�hadbetter,usedtoPetersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.三、如何变状语�直接引语变间接引语�状语变化有其内在规律�时间状语由―现在‖改为―原来‖�例�now变为then,yesterday变为thedaybefore1today变为thatdayHesaid,‖Iwanttogoswimmingnow.‖→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地点状语�尤其表示方向性的�here变thereTheteachersaid,―Youshouldcomehereat7:00.‖→TheteachersaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代词修饰的状语�由―此‖改为―彼‖例�this改为thatHesaid,Thisbooksismine.―→Hesaidthatbookwashis.四、如何变句型�①直接引语如果是陈述句�间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.―→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句�选择疑问句或一般疑问句�间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.Hesaid,Canyouswim,John?―→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句�间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句�宾语从句必须用陈述句语序�。Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?‖→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.Sheaskedme,WhatwasJackdoingwhenIcomein?‖→SheaskedmewhatJackwasdoingwhenshecamein.④直接引语如果是祈使句�间接引语应改为―Tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth.‖句型。如�1.Don'tmakeanynoise,theteachersaidtothestudents.→Shetold(ordered)thestudentsnottomakeanynoise.2.―Openthedoor,please,saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtoopenthedoor.⑤直接引语如果是以―Let's‖开头的祈使句�变为间接引语时�通常用―suggest+动句词�或从句�‖如�Hesaid,Let'sgotothemovies.→Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.1.Murphy:Icansleeplateeveryday.Hesaidhe________sleeplateeveryday.2.Mrs.Kosky:Mysonwillgobowling.Shesaidherson__________gobowling.3.Iris:Erikaisgoingtothedance.Shesaidshe________________tothedance.4.Lissa:I'mexcitedaboutgoingonvacation.Shesaidshe________excitedaboutgoingonvacation.5.HomeroomTeacher:Youcanhaveaparty.Shesaidwe___________haveaparty.6.Lanasaid,―I’mmadatMarcia.‖Lanasaid____________madatMarcia.7.Hesaidtome,―Iwillcallyoutomorrow.‖He______me____________call______thenextday.8.Theysaid,―Wearehavingameeting.‖Theysaid____________havingameeting.9.Shesaid,―IgotoschooleveryMonday.‖Shesaid____________toschooleveryMonday.10.Mysistersaidtome,―I’mgoingtohelpyou.‖Mysister______me____________goingtohelp______.2反义疑问句�附加疑问句�它表示提问人的看法�没有把握�需要对方证实。反义疑问句由两部分组成�前一部分是一个陈述句�后一部分是一个简短的疑问句�两部分的人称时态应保持一致。1�陈述部分肯定式疑问部分否定式2�陈述部分否定式疑问部分肯定式Theyworkhare,don’tthey?Shewasillyesterday,wasn’tshe?Youdidn’tgo,didyou?Hecan’trideabike,canhe?请注意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法�1�当陈述部分的主语是I,everyone,everything,nobody时�后面的疑问句应表示为�Iamastudent,aren’tIEveryoneisintheclassroom,aren’tthey?Everythingbeginstogrowinspring,doesn’tit?Nobodywillgo,willthey?2.当陈述部分有never�seldom,hardly�few�little�barely,scarcely,nothing等否定词时�后面的疑问句则表示为�Therearefewapplesinthebasket,arethere?Hecanhardlyswim,canhe?Theyseldomcomelate,dothey?3.当陈述部分是Ithink加从句时�疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。Ithinkchickenscanswim,can’tthey?IthinkLucyisagoodgirl,isn’tshe?Ididn'tthinkhewashappy,washe?4.陈述部分有hadbetter时�疑问句应用hadn’t开头�you’dbettergetupearly,hadn’tyou?5.当陈述部分是祈使句时�疑问句要根据语气来表达�Let’sgooutforawalk,shallwe?Letusgoourforawalk,willyou?Turnontheradio,willyou?6.反义疑问句的回答用yes�no�但是�当陈述部分是否定形式时�回答要按事实。如�Theydon’tworkhard,dothey?他们不太努力工作�是吗�Yes,theydo.不�他们工作努力。/No,theydon’t.对�他们工作不努力。一、反意疑问句的一般情况1�当陈述部分的主语是�等everyone,everybody,someone,noone,nobody,somebody合成代词时�附加疑问句的主语非正式文体中往往they用。�也可以按语法一致原则用单数。�2�当陈述部分以one不定代词做主语时�附加问句的主语在正式常场用one�非正式场合用he。3�当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、this或that�附加疑问句的主语用it。�是those,these则用they�4�当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词everything,anything,nothing等�附加问句的主语用it。5�陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词�例如�never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,no,none,noone,rarely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,few,little等�附加疑问句的动词要用肯定形式。6�假如陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀�那么该陈述句应作肯定句处理�附加疑问句应用否定形式。3二、常见句型的反意疑问句7�当陈述部分是therebe存在句型时�附加疑问句的主语也用there.8�感叹句的附加疑问句�其谓语要求用否定句。9�祈使句后面的附加疑问句题目A)祈使句是否定形式�附加疑问句只能用willyou。B)祈使句是肯定形式�附加疑问句用肯定、否定均可。C)Let开头的祈使句要注意�1.Let’s在意义上包含谈话的对方在内�表示提出建议或征求对方意见�其