氧化还原滴定法及沉淀滴定法习题解:查表知NH3的Kb=1.8×10-53-10aNH+-10-10aK5.610δ==K+[H]5.610+1.01033NH[NH]=cδ=0.200.85=0.17(mol/L)+4-14-10w-5a(NH)bK1.010K===5.610K1.81017.计算pH=10.0,[NH4+]+[NH3]=0.20mol/L时,Zn2+/Zn电对的条件电位。若cZn(Ⅱ)=0.020mol/L,体系的电极电位。=0.851Znlgβ络级积数已知:与氨合物的各累形成常4-lgβ2.274.617.019.06别为。分,,和324132343ZnNHα=1+β[NH]+β[NH]++β[NH]()36.00ZnNHα=10()数计代入据后算ZnOHlgα=2.4()查表知336.00Zn(C)ZnNHZnOHZnNHα=α+αα=10()()()-6.000.059=-0.763+lg1022+2+ooZnZn/ZnZn/ZnZn(II)α0.059E=E+lg2α2+2+oZn(II)Zn/ZnZn/Zn0.059E=E+lgc20.059=-0.94+lg0.020=0.99(V)2=-0.94(V)解:查表2--FeYFeYlgK=14.32,lgK=25.119.用碘量法测定铬铁矿中铬含量时,试液中共存的Fe有干扰。此时若溶液的pH=2.0,Fe(Ⅲ)的浓度为0.10mol/L,Fe(Ⅱ)的浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L;加入EDTA并使其过量的浓度为0.10mol/L。问此条件下,Fe3+的干扰能否被消除?Y(H)pH=2.0,lgα=13.512-FeYlgK=14.32-13.51=0.81-FeYlgK=25.1-13.51=11.592+2-0.81Y(Fe)FeYα=1+KY=1+100.10=1.62+2-4-14.3213.51Y(Fe)FeY0.10α=1+K[Y]=1+10=1.610或3+-11.5910.59Y(Fe)FeYα=1+KY=1+100.10=103+-4-25.110.5913.51Y(Fe)FeY0.10α=1+K[Y]=1+10=1010或2+3+3+2+3+2+3+2+oFeFeFeFeFeFeFeFeαcE=E+0.059lgαc10.59-5.001.60.10=0.77+0.059lg1010=0.39(V)3+2+-2FeFeIIE=0.39VE=0.54V,小于3+Fe条此件下的干扰被消除。Fe(III)FeII3+2+Fe(III)FeIIIccα=α=[Fe][Fe]()();-Fe(III)3+11.59Fe(III)FeYc0.100.10[Fe]===α1+K[Y]1+100.10-11.59=10(mol/L)-5Fe(II)2+-5.210.81Fe(II)c1.010[Fe]==10(mol/L)α1+100.103+2+3+2+3+o2+FeFeFeFe[Fe]E=E+0.059lg[Fe]-11.59-5.2010=0.77+0.059lg=0.39V10解:上述氧化还原反应的半反应分别为BrO3-+6H++5e⇌1/2Br2+3H2OE⁰=1.52VBr2+2e⇌2Br-E⁰=1.09V=36.4436K=2.810--322ooBrO/BrBr/Brn(E-E)5(1.52-1.09)lgK==0.0590.05921.氧化还原反应BrO3-+5Br-+6H+⇌3Br2+3H2O(1)求此反应的平衡常数;(2)计算当溶液的pH=7.0,[BrO3-]=0.10mol/L,[Br-]=0.70mol/L时,游离溴的平衡浓度。365-7.063=2.8100.100.70(10)-3=3.610(mol/L)32--5+63[Br]K=[BrO][Br][H]--5+6323[Br]=K[BrO][Br][H]24.在0.10mol/LHCl介质中,用0.2000mol/LFe3+滴定0.1000mol/LSn2+,试计算在化学计量点时的电位及其突跃范围。在此滴定中选用什么指示剂,滴定终点与计量点是否一致?已知在此条件下Fe3+/Fe2+电对的条件电极电位为0.73V,Sn4+/Sn2+电对的条件电极电位为0.07V。解:Fe3++e⇌Fe2+Sn4++2e⇌Sn2+3+2+4+2+oo12Fe/FeSn/Snsp12nE+nEE=n+n=0.16(V)4+2+o-0.1%Sn/Sn30.059E=E+23+2+o+0.1%Fe/Fe30.059E=E-=0.55(V)1终点颜色为蓝色,终点与计量点不一致。突跃范围为0.16V~0.55V,次甲基蓝做指示剂;sp10.73+20.07E==0.29(V)1+2。30.准确称取含有PbO和PbO2混合物的试样1.234g,在其酸性溶液中加入20.00mL0.2500mol/LH2C2O4溶液,使PbO2还原为Pb2+,所得溶液用氨水中和,使溶液中所有Pb2+均沉淀为PbC2O4。过滤,滤液酸化后用0.04000mol/LKMnO4标准溶液滴定,用去10.00m,然后将所得PbC2O4沉淀溶于酸后,0.04000mol/LKMnO4标准溶液滴定用去30.00m,计算试样中PbO和PbO的质量分数。解:混合试样中加入的H2C2O4一部分将PbO2还原为Pb2+,一部分将溶液中所有的Pb2+沉淀为PbC2O4,最后剩余的H2C2O4与KMnO4反应。2MnO4-+5H2C2O4+6H+⇌2Mn2++10CO2↑+8H2OPbO2+4H++2C2O42-⇌CO2+PbC2O4↓+2H2OPbO+H2C2O4⇌PbC2O4↓+H2O加入H2C2O4的总物质的量为:n总=0.2500×0.02000=0.005000(mol)滤液中与KMnO4反应H2C2O4的物质的量为:2244HCOKMnO55n=(cV)=0.040000.030002244KMnOKMnO555n=n=(cV)=0.040000.01000222=0.001000(mol)4224KMnOHCOn应质沉淀中与反物的量:Pb=0.003000mol=n()20.001000239.2PbO%=100%=19.38%1.234(0.003000-0.001000)223.2PbO%=100%1.234=36.18%2224PbOHCOn应质与反的的物的量:n=0.005000-0.001000-0.0030002PbO=0.001000mol=n()32.准确称取软锰矿试样0.5261g,在酸性介质中加入0.7049g纯Na2C2O4。待反应完全后,过量的Na2C2O4用0.02160mol/LKMnO4标准溶液滴定,用去30.47mL。计算软锰矿中MnO2的质量分数。解:加入的Na2C2O4一部分与MnO2反应,剩余的与KMnO4反应:MnO2+C2O42-+4H+⇌Mn2++2CO2↑+2H2O2MnO4-+5C2O42-+16H+⇌2Mn2++10CO2↑+8H2O224224224NaCONaCO()NaCOm0.7149n===0.005260molM134.0总()4224KMnONaCOn应质与反的的物的量:2244NaCOKMnO55n=n=0.021600.0304722()=0.001645mol()2224MnONaCO应质为与反的的物的量:224NaCOn=0.005260-0.001645=0.003615(mol)2242NaCOMnOn=n22MnOMnO2nnMMnO%=100%=59.74%m解:2HCrO42-+6I-+14H+⇌2Cr3++3I2+8H2O2S2O32-+I2⇌2I-+S4O62-过量的K2CrO4与KI反应生成的I2又与Na2S2O3反应37.今有不纯的KI试样0.3504g,在H2SO4溶液中加入纯K2CrO40.1940g与之反应,煮沸逐出生成的I2。冷后加入过量KI,使之与剩余的K2CrO4作用,析出的I2用0.1020mol/LNa2S2O3标准溶液滴定,用去10.23mL,求试样中KI的质量分数。1=0.10200.01023=0.0003478mol3()-242223KCrOINaSOI211n=n=n=n333与KI试样反应的K2CrO4的物质的量为:242424KCrOKCrOKCrO()n=n-n总0.1940=-0.0003478=0.0006512(mol)194.224KCrOKI(n=3n试样)30.0006512166.0KI%=100%0.3504=92.55%39.准确称取苯酚试样0.4082g,用NaOH溶解,转入250.0mL容量瓶中,定容,摇匀。吸取25.00mL,加入溴酸钾标准溶液(KBrO3+KBr)25.00mL后,加入HCl及KI。待析出I2后,再用0.1084mol/LNa2S2O3标准溶液滴定,用去20.04mL。另取25.00mL溴酸钾标准溶液做空白实验,消耗同浓度的Na2S2O3标准溶液41.60m。计算试样中苯酚的质量分数。--+322BrO+5Br+6H=3Br+3HO652623CHOH+3Br=CHBrOH+3HBr--22Br+2I=2Br+I-22322462NaSO+I=NaSO+2I解:--+-322BrO+5I+6H=3I+Br+3HO0.041600.1084-0.020040.1084250.094.11625.00ω0.4082苯酚==0.8980=89.80%