升压斩波电路课程设计报告

《电力电子技术课程设计》报告设计题目：升压斩波电路的设计英文题目：TheDesignofBoostChopper院系：电气工程与自动化年级专业：2011级电气工程及其自动化姓名：）））2014年6月30日目录目录································································11.设计的题目·······················································31.1引言·························································31.2升压斩波电路的应用···········································42.设计的任务：······················································42.1课程设计要求················································42.2Boost电路技术参数及要求······································53.设计的依据：······················································53.1总体构思依据·················································53.2理论计算依据·················································64.设计的内容：······················································74.1主电路的选择与计算过程·······································7·····························································7·············································错误!未定义书签。·············································错误!未定义书签。·············································错误!未定义书签。4.2控制电路的选型与计算过程·····································7·············································错误!未定义书签。4.2.2NE555工作原理·········································8·············································错误!未定义书签。·············································错误!未定义书签。·············································错误!未定义书签。4.3带tlp250光耦合器的驱动电路的选型····························94.3.1tlp250引脚图及引脚····································9·············································错误!未定义书签。4.4绘制原理图和PCB·············································9·············································错误!未定义书签。·············································错误!未定义书签。4.4.3555电路图·············································94.4.4光耦tlp250原理图······································9·············································错误!未定义书签。·············································错误!未定义书签。4.5列出元器件的规格、型号和明细表·······························94.6PCB实物制作和调试过程·······································11·············································错误!未定义书签。·············································错误!未定义书签。·············································错误!未定义书签。·············································错误!未定义书签。·············································错误!未定义书签。4.7实验结果分析和处理··········································125.心得体会·························································126.主要参考文献·····················································141.设计的题目1.1引言随着电力电子技术的迅速发展，高压开关稳压电源已被广泛用于计算机、通信、工业加工和航空航天等领域。所有动力机装置需要一个稳定的电力输送装置，而外部提供的能源大多为交流，电源设备担负着把交流电源转换为电子设备所需的各种类别直流任务。但有时那转变的直流电压同所需设备要求人仍不相符，仍需变换，称为DC/DC变换。直流斩波电路作为将直流电，变成另一种固定电压的DC-DC变换器，在充电蓄电电路、直流传动系统、电力电子变换装置、开关电源及各种用电设备中得到普遍的应用。随之出现了诸如升压斩波电路、降压斩波电路、复合斩波电路、升降压斩波电路等多种方式的变换电路。直流斩波技术，已被广泛运用于直流开关电源和电机推动中，使其控制获得加速平滑、快速响应、加快节能的效果。直流斩波电路实际上采用的就是PWM技术，这种电路把直流电压斩成一系列脉冲，改变脉冲的占空比来获得所需要的输出电压。PWM控制方式是目前才用最广泛的一种控制方式，它具有良好的调整特性。随电子技术的发展，近年来已发展各种集成式控制芯片，这种芯片只需外接少量元器件就可以工作，这不但简化设计，还大幅度的减少元器件数量、连线和焊点。本次的课程设计主要是升压斩波电路的设计。本设计是基于NE555芯片为核心控制的PWM升压斩波电路（Boostchopper）.设计采用Matlab和Protel及protues三个软件进行仿真制作。先提出设计的目的，设计要求，然后根据目的和要求找出主电路，控制电路的设计方案，然后根据设计方案确定元器件选择，protues画出原理图，然后仿真出波形。Matlab主要是理论分析，借助其强大的数学计算和仿真功能可也很直观的看到PWM控制输出电压的曲线图。通过设置参数分析输出与电路参数和控制量的关系。Protel进行封装，印刷出电路板进行实际调试。1.2升压斩波电路的应用升压斩波电路目前的典型应用，一是用于直流电动机传动，二是用作单相功率因数校正（powerfactorcorrection,PFC）电路，三是用于其它交直流电源中。2.设计的任务：2.1课程设计要求1)熟悉掌握变换电路和控制电路的基本原理，掌握主电路设计的过程（包括计算和器件选型）2)能够运用所学的理论知识，分析设计任务并使用Matlab或Saber等仿真说明3)能正确设计电路与图纸（Protel99se/AltiumDesign原理图和单层板PCB图纸），完成PCB实物制作并调试4)掌握实际电路的测量与调试方法，对数据和波形分析、处理并加以判断2.2Boost电路技术参数及要求1）输入直流电压：Ud=24V；2)输出功率：0~30W；3）开关频率：10~20KHz；4)占空比：10%~50%；5）输出电压脉率：小于10%。3.设计的依据：3.1总体构思依据块和驱动电路模块。1、主电路模块：由MOS管的开通与关断的时间占空比来决定输出电压u。的大小。2、控制电路模块：用来PWM技术控制MOS管的开通与关断。3、驱动电路模块：用555谐振荡器来驱动MOS管原理框图：43.2理论计算依据假设L值、C值很大，V通时，E向L充电，充电电流恒为1I，同时C的电压向负载供电，因C值很大，输出电压为oU恒值,记为oU。设V通的时间为ont，此阶段L上积蓄的能量为ontIE1，V断时，E和L共同向C充电并向负载R供电。设V断的时间为offt，则此期间电感L释放能量为?offtIEU10)(稳态时，一个周期T中L积蓄能量与释放能量相等，化简得：?onofftEItIEU110)(?..........................（1-1）EtTEtttUoffoffoffon0?.........................（1-2）1/offtT，输出电压高于电源电压，故称升压斩波电路。也称之为BoostChopper变换器。?offtT/——升压比，调节其即可改变Uo。将升压比的倒数记作β，即Ttoff。和导通占空比，有如下关系：?1......................（1-3）因此式（1-2）可表示为:EEUo111......................（1-4）升压斩波电路能使输出电压高于电源电压的原因：①?L储能之后具有使电压泵升的作用?②?电容C可将输出电压保持住?控制电路驱动电路555谐振荡器Boost主电路4.设计的内容：4.1主电路的选择与计算过程4.1.1直流斩波电路由直流电源、MOSFET、电感、电容、续流二极管以及负载组成。具体原理电路图如下：1）输出电压：dUDU110.............................(1-5)2）输出电流：3）负载阻值：020PUR...............................(1-6)4）纹波电压：5）电容：6）电感：直流电源参数设置为24V，占空比取30%。4.2控制电路的选型与计算过程因为设计课题要求，所以选用555作为PWM发生芯片来进行连续控制。8脚是集成电路工作电压输入端，电压为5～18V表示；从分压器上看出，上比较器A1的５脚接在R1和R2之间，所以5脚的电压固定在2UCC/3上；下比较器A2接在R2与R3之间，A2的同相输入端电位被固定在UCC/3上。1脚为地。2脚为触发输入端；3脚为输出端，输出的电平状态受触发器控制，而触发器受上比较器6脚和下比较器2脚的控制。当触发器接受上比较器2脚输入的高电平时，触发器被置于复位状态，3脚输出低电平；2脚和6脚是互补的，2脚只对低电平起作用，高电平对它不起作用，即电压小于1Ucc/3，此时3脚输出高电平。6脚为阈值端，只对高电平起作用，低电平对它不起作用，即输入电压大于2Ucc/3，称高触发端，3脚输出低电平，但有一个先决条件，即2脚电位必须大于1Ucc/3时才有效。3脚在高电位接近电源电压Ucc，输出电流最大可打200mA。4脚是复位端，当4脚电位小于0.4V时，不管2、6脚状态如何，输出端3脚都输出低电平。5脚是