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初中被动语态精讲精练一、语态：英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Hewrotethenovel.PeoplegrowriceinthesouthofChina.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Thenovelwaswrittenbyhim.RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.二、主动语态和被动语态的转换1.一般情况下，主动语态变被动语态1).把原句的宾语改成主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。2)把原句的主语变宾语,若主动句中的主语是人称代词，要将主格变成宾格,用by引出来。3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。人们说英语。PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.英语被说。Englishisspokeninmanycountries..我们造这座桥。Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.这座桥被建造。Thisbridgewasbuiltlastyear.三、各个时态的被动语态的结构初中英语教材中出现了8种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。1.一般现在时:do/does---am/is/aredoneWecleantheclassroom.-----Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.ManycountriesspeakEnglish.---_____________________________________Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.---________________________________________Doesyouplantmanytreeseveryyear?---_____________________________________2.一般过去式:did---was/weredoneWecleanedthewindowjustnow.----Thewindowwascleanedjustnow.Thefloodwashedawaymanyhouses.---________________________________WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.---______________________________________Peoplebuiltthebridgein2000.---When____________________________________?3.一般将来时:willdo---willbedoneam/is/aregoingtodo---am/is/aregoingtobedoneTheywillbuildsomenewfactoriesherethisyear.---Somenewfactorieswillbebuiltherethisyear.I‘mgoingtorepairyourwatchinanhour.---Yourwatchisgoingtoberepairedinanhour.Theseletters_________________________tomorrow.(post)Thebaby_____________________inthehospital.(takegoodcareof)Allthewindows___________________thisafternoon.(clean)RailwayStation__________________attheendofthismonth.(complete)4.过去将来时:woulddo---wouldbedone;was/weregoingtodo---was/weregoingtobedoneShesaidthatsomenewfactories_________________sooninourcity.(build)Hepromisedthatthemoney_________________nextweek.(return)5.现在完成时:has/havedone---have/hasbeendoneIhavefinishedallmyhomework.---Alllmyhomeworkhasbeenfinished.Theyhavealreadysolvedtheproblem.---__________________________________Thepopularsong___________________onradio.(teach)6.过去完成时:haddone---hadbeendoneHesaidthatsomenewfactories________________inthecity.(build)7.情态动词+do---情态动词bedoneCanyourepairthiswalkman?---Canthiswalkmanberepaired?Youmusthandinyourcompositionby10:00.---_________________________________Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.---________________________________________Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.---______________________________________Anythingherecan’t___________here.(touch)四主动语态变被动语态的特例1.在主动句中的感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等以及使役动词make、have、let等后接省略to的不定式。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。例如：Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday.→Theyweremadetoworktenhoursaday.Aboysawhimenterthehouse.→Hewasseentoenterthehouse.Hemadethegirlstayathome.---Thegirl________________________________LastSundayweheardthemsingPekingOperainthetheatre.LastSundaythey_______________________________________________.Thethiefwasnoticed________________theroom.(enter)2.带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态IheardJaneplayingthepianointheroom.---Janewasheardplayingthepianointheroom.Someonesawthegirlplayingbesidetheriver.---Thegirl_________________________Theteachertoldhertostayhere.---She________________________________Hefoundhisbikestolenwhenhecameback.---__________________________________________________五、几种主动表被动含义的情况1.当动词（write,read,sell,wash,lock,open等）用来说明主语的性质特征时，一般用主动形式。Thiskindofpenswritessmoothly.(写起来)ThebooksellswellandItwillbesoldoutinourshopsoon.卖起来将被卖完Theshirtwasheswell.（耐洗）Thedoordoesn’topeneasily（容易开）2.Look,sound,smell,taste,feel等系动词Mooncakestastedelicious.Theuniformslookuglyonus.3.beworthdoing结构Thisfilmisworthseeing.Thebookisworthreading.4.Want/need/require+doing=Want/need/requiretobedoneMybikeneedsrepairing=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.Theseflowerswant_________(water).六、中考语态题方法突破1、首先要确定主语到底是谓语动词的执行者还是承受者。2、其次要确定谓语动词的时态1).Chinese______bymoreandmorepeoplefromallovertheworldtoday.A.learnB.learnedC.islearnedD.waslearned2).(14湖南)--MayIuseyourcup,Tom?--Sorry,it___bymysisterjustnow.A.wasbrokenB.isbrokenC.broken3).(12山西)---Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.---I’msorry,butI_______whentoleave.A.don’ttellB.didn’ttellC.wasn’ttold4).(14天津)The30thOlympicGames_____inLondonsoon.A.heldB.willbeheldC.wereheldD.havebeenheld5).(13重庆)I’mgladtofindthatmanytrees_____inourcitylastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted6).(13浙江金华)Afriendlybasketballmatchbetweenteachersandstudents_____tomorrowafternoon.Anybodyiswelcome.A.washeldB.willbeheldC.isheldD.mustbeheld六实战演练:把下列主动语态改为被动语态:1．WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.2．Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek.3．Whendidtheybuildthehouse?4．Isawtheboyentertheroom.5．Willtheyshowanewfilmnextweek?6．Havetheypostedtheletteryet?7．Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmate.8．Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougotobed规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited(2)以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”live---lived---lived,(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将y变为i，再加“ed”study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--droppedⅠ.A-A-A型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）1花费cost2割cut3打，击hit4伤害hurt5让let6放规则动词的过去式和过去分词7读read8伸展，传播spreadⅡ.A-A-B型（动词原形和过去式同形）9跳动beatⅢ.A-B-