含有动词不定式的句式归纳

期末专题辅导——含有动词不定式的句式归纳动词不定式(短语)在句中可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,宾补,状语,还可以和疑问词连用,作句子的主语,宾语,表语等。与动词不定式有关的句式也很多,常见的含有动词不定式的句式主要有以下几种：一.Ittakessb.sometime(money)todosth.某人花费多少时间(金钱)做某事。例如：1.ItoftentakesmehalfanhourtowatchTVeveryevening.每天晚上我常常用半小时看电视。2.Ittookmetenyuantobuythebooklastweek.上周我花了10元买那本书。3.Howlongwillittakethemtofinishthework?完成那项工作需要花费他们多少时间？在使用该句式要注意的是：sb.如果代词表示用宾格；take随时态改变；句中的时间用段时间,对此提问用howlong。例：Ittakesusmorethantwohourstodoourhomeworkeveryday.Ittookusmorethantwohourstodoourhomeworkyesterday.Itwilltakeusmorethantwohourstodoourhomeworktomorrow.Howlongdidittakeyoutodoyourhomeworkyesterday?二.It’stimetodosth.该做某事了,同义句为：It’stimeforsth./doingsth.例：It’stimetogotoschool.该上学了。(It’stimeforschool.)It’stimetogetup.该起床了。(It’stimeforgettingup.)此句可以扩展为：It’stimeforsb.todosth.是某人做某事的时间了。forsb.todosth.是动词不定式的复合结构。例：It’stimeformetowork.到我工作的时间了。It’stimeforyoutogotoschool.到你们上学的时间了。三.主语+be(not)+adj.+enoughtodosth.(某人、某物)足够(不能)做某事。例：Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.这个孩子到了上学年龄。I’mtallenoughtoreachthetopofthetree.我够高能够到树顶。*1.此句是肯定句时,可以用主+be+so+adj.+that的句型(即so…,that…表示的结果状语从句)来替换。Theboyissooldthathecangotoschool.I’msotallthatIcanreachthetopofthetree.2.此句是否定句式时,既可以用so…that…引导的结果状语从句来替换,还可以用too…to…句式替换。例：Heisnotoldenoughtogotowork.他太小不能去上班。Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotowork.Heistooyoungtogotowork.再如：Theboxisnotlightenoughformetocarry.这个箱子太重我搬不动。Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.四.sb.+beready+todosth.(某人乐意做某事)Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.(他总是乐于帮助别人)I’malwaysreadytomakenewfriends.我总是乐于结交新朋友。五.It’s+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事…例：It’sdangerousforchildrentoplayfootballinthestreet.对孩子来说在街上踢足球是很危险的。It’sgoodforustotakemoreexercise.对我们来说多运动是有益的。It’sverykindofyoutosayso.你这样说真是太好了。It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你真好,肯帮我。该句式中,引导动词不定式的逻辑主语的介词用for还是of,主要取决于前面的形容词。如果形容词是描述动词不定式的行为者的性格、品质的。如：kind,good,nice,wrong,right,clever,careless,foolish等,应用of；如果形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对动词不定式的行为者的品质进行评价的,就用for.常见这类形容词有difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous等。It’swrongofyoutodoit.你做这件事是错的。It’shardforyoutobealawyer.对你来说做律师很困难。六.主+wouldlike/lovetodosth.…喜欢(想做某事)I’dliketogotherewithyou.我很想和你一起去那。I’dloveIliketohelpyoustudyEnglish.我很愿意帮你学英语。此句式还可以扩展为：wouldlike/lovesb.todosth.“喜欢/想让某人做某事。”I’dlikeyoutostayhere.我想让你留在这。I’dlikethemtohelpme.我想让他们帮助我。七.hadbetterdosth.(…最好做…)It’sverycoldoutside,you’dbetterputonyourcoat.外面很冷,你最好穿上大衣。We’dbettergorightnow.我们最好马上去。…hadbetterdo的否定式为…hadbetternotdo.(在better后加not即可)例：You’dbetternotspeakwhenyourmouthisfulloffood.满嘴食物时你最好别讲话。八.Whydon’tyou+动词原形+…？(Whynot+动词原形…？)你为什么不…？这本书有点难,为什么不读些容易的？Thisbookisabithard,whynotreadsomethingeasier?It’swarmhere,whydon’tyoutakeoffyourcoat?这很暖和,你为什么不脱掉外衣？Thereisaseat,whynotsitdown?还有座位,怎么不坐下？九.Would/Will/Couldyouplease+动词原形+…？请你…好吗？(用来请求对方为自己做某件事)Wouldyoupleasebringsomewaterwithyou?请你带点水来好吗？Willyoupleasehelpherwithhermaths?请你帮她学数学好吗？十.…prefer…todosth.ratherthandosth.…宁愿…也不愿…Iprefertostayathomeratherthangoout.我宁愿呆在家里,也不愿出去。Shepreferstobepoorratherthangetmoneyinsuchaway.她宁愿受穷也不愿以这种方式挣钱。十一.It’sone’sturntodosth.该轮到谁做某事了。one’s用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来替换。例：It’smyturntobeonduty.该轮到我值日了。It’sLiPing’sturntocleantheblackboard.该轮到李平擦黑板了。It’sourturntodothecleaning.该轮到我们做扫除了。It’sDanny’sturntogiveatalk.该轮到Danny做报告了。十二.主语+be+形容词+todosth.…做某事如何。例：I’msorrytohearthat.听到这事很难过。I’mgladtoseeyouagain.再次见到你我很高兴。【模拟试题】(答题时间：35分钟)一.选择填空：1.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem_______verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel2.Manyboysandgirlsaremade______whatthey’renot______.A.todo,interestedB.todo,interestedinC.do,interestedinD.doing,interested3.Heaskedme______tohisbirthdayparty.A.togoB.goC.goesD.went4.Theteachertoldthestudents_______inclass.A.nottalkB.don’ttalkC.didn’ttalkD.nottotalk5.Ididn’tgotobeduntilIfinished______myhomework.A.todoB.doingC.didD.do6.Hedoesn’tfeellike________anythingtoday.A.toeatB.eatingC.eatD.ate7.Wesawhim__________thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenter(进入)B.enterC.enteringD.entered8.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet.Isawaplane______overmyhead.A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly9.Stop_________somuchnoise!Fatherisworkingatthedesk.A.tomakeB.makingC.tohearD.hearing10.Youmustbeverytired.Whynot_______arest?A.tostoptohaveB.tostophavingC.stoptohaveD.stophaving11.-I’msorry,I______myhomeworkathome.-That’sallright.Don’tforget________ittoschoolthisafternoon.A.forget,totakeB.forget,bringC.left,totakeD.left,tobring12.-Where’smyletter,Mum?-Youpostedityesterday.-Oh,Ireallyforget______it.A.postB.postsC.topostD.posting13.Ireallydon’tknow_______aboutit.A.whattodoB.howtoC.todowhatD.howcanIdo14.You’dbetter________hiscomputer.Mineisbroken.A.useB.usesC.touseD.using15.You’dbetter________footballinthestreet.A.notplayB.playingC.nottoplayD.play16.-______youliketogoshoppingwithme?-Yes,I_______.A.Would,wouldB.Will,willlikeC.Would,wouldloveD.Would,wouldloveto17.Thedoctoroftentellshim_______moreexercise.A.totakeB.takingC.takenD.take18.WouldyoupleasetellKate______mybestwishestoeverybody.A.gaveB.givingC.togiveD.gives19.CrannyaskedLiFeng_______someshoppingforher.A.doB.doesC.todoD.did20.MyfriendKateaskedme_______tothezoowithher.A.goB.togoC.wentD.going21.TheteacheroftentellsJimand