中考语法-动词时态的归纳复习总结

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动词时态TenseI本章要点一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时将来一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时过去将来过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时II时态语法点分述一、一般现在时SimplePresentTense结构公式:am/is/are/do/does常见时间状语:sometimes,usually,never,always,often;everyday/week/month/year/...;onSunday(s)/Monday(s)/...1.经常性或习惯性的动作,如日常行为,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。常用频度副词:Liferarelyturnsoutthewaythatweplan.--BeverlyHills90210(是电视剧名)2.表示按计划将会发生的事情,主语常常是物。这列高速列车(高铁)早上9点出发去北京。(high-speedtrain)3.表示真理或不变的事实。树叶在秋季从绿变黄。4.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时,简称为“主将从现”。如果我在纽约时有时间去购物,我会帮你去苹果店买个iPad10。★真题试炼★1)AuntLucywilltellussomethingabouthertriptoAustraliawhenshe___back.A.cameB.comesC.wouldcomeD.willcome2)--CouldyoutellmewhenMr.Li______inWuhan?--Sure.Whenhe________,I'llcallyou.A.arrives,willarriveB.willarrive,arrivesC.arrives,arrivesD.willarrive,willarrive5.特别结构结构公式一:Itis+一段时间+since+从句结构公式二:Ithasbeen+一段时间+since+从句♥Attention♥第一种句型更常见。如:1)Asformyself,itismany,manyyearssinceIfirstbegantothinkofhiminaverydifferentmanner.--PrideandPrejudice至于说到我自己对他印象转坏,那已经是好多好多年的事了。2)好久不见。二、现在进行时PresentContinuousTense结构公式:am/is/are+doing时间状语:Now,atpresent,atthemoment,look,listen1.表示说话时正在进行的动作。嘘,孩子们正在睡觉呢。2.表示最近一段时间内正在进行的动作。Jack’shavingahardtimeattheofficeatthemomentandhe’ssmokingaboutfiftycigarettesaday.3.与频率副词连用,表示作者的一种感情态度。(如always,forever,constantly,continually)你老是像我妈一样唠叨我。(nagsb.)4.表达某种情感,表示关切,礼貌,赞美等。I’mtellingyouthetruth.CfItellyouthetruth.5.表示将来即将发生的动作,给人一种期待感,常伴有表示将来的时间状语。Theyaregettingmarriednextmonth.♥Attention♥1)此用法常用于:arrive,return,land,leave,come,go,drive,fly,travel,move,die,stay等位移动词。I'mgoinghometonight.我今晚回家。2)以下词汇在特定语境中也可进行时表将来:a.Iyousoonafterclass.b.--Whatareyoudoingthisevening?--I’mathomewithmyfamilies.不能使用进行时的动词fear(害怕),love(爱),hate(讨厌),mind(介意),like(喜欢),please(喜爱),prefer(更喜爱)think(认为),believe(相信),doubt(怀疑),remember(记起了),realize(认识),suppose(怀疑)see,hear,find…become,return.buy,join,getto(know),hearfrom…特例:*He’sjumpingwithjoy.(少数瞬间动词用于进行,表)**这个老人已奄奄一息。*(此处进行时表示逐渐、即将)★小试身手★请用一般现在时或现在进行时完成下面题目:1)--CanIhelpyou?--Iboughtthiswatchhereyesterday,butit(do)work.2)Idon’treallyworkhere,I(help)untilthenewsecretaryarrives.3)There(go)thebell./Here(come)Mr.Wang.4)Youdon'tbelieveit.YouknowI(tell)thetruth.三、一般过去时SimplePastTense结构公式:was/were/did(初中不规则动词表见附录一)时间状语:1.yesterday,lastweek,thedaybeforeyesterday,theweekbeforelast,inJuly,in2006,justnow,threedaysago,2.表示过去某个时间一连串的行为。结构公式:didA,didB,…anddidN史瑞克给了公主一个丑陋的微笑,拉起她绿色的胖手,然后温柔的吻了她一下。3.表示过去某行为或某状态已发生,不强调进行。当我1990年代在上海时,我每周末都去美术馆。★小试身手★AreporthasjustcomeinthattheSouthgatewarehouse(仓库)____intolastFridaynight.A.brokeB.wasbrokenC.hadbrokenD.hadbeenbroken4.usedtodosth.过去常常做某事OnSundayeveningsweusedtobepermittedtoplay,ifwedidnotmakemuchnoise;nowameretitterissufficienttosendusintocorners!从前一到星期天晚上,还准许我们玩玩,只要我们不太吵,现在我们只要偷偷一笑,就得罚站墙角啦!--WutheringHeight5.近义词辨析woulddosth.VSusedtodosth.usedtowould过去习惯动作状态过去和现在对比偶尔Insuchcases,wewouldgototheoldworkersforhelp.Before1949heusedtoworktwelvehoursaday.Heusedtoliveinthecountryside.6.近形词辨析be/getusedtodoingsth/sth习惯于做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事城里人习惯把狗当宠物,而在农村狗狗通常用来看家(guard).★小试身手★1)Tonyusedto_______toschool,butheisusedto_______toschoolnow.A.walk;takingabusB.walked;tookabusC.walk;takeabusD.walked;takingabus2)Heusedto____inasmallvillage,butnowhehasbeenusedto___inthebigcity.A.live;livingB.live;liveC.living;livingD.living;live3)MrsGreen_______gotohospital,butnowsheisingoodhealth.A.hastoB.needtoC.usedtoD.oughtto★真题试炼★1)UnlikeChinese,Americans__________theirmealswithknivesandforks.A.usedtotakingB.areusedtotakingC.usedtotakeD.areusedtotake2)Wehave________upearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.A.usedtogetB.beenusedtogetC.usedforgettingD.beenusedtogetting四、过去进行时PastContinuousTense结构公式:was/were+doing时间状语:thistimeyesterday,atthattime,atthemoment(这个词组也可以用在现在进行时),allmorning等。1.强调过去某时间段或某个时间点正在发生的事。,Kobewasplayingfootball.★真题试炼★1)Hewasstillworkingonhisprojectwhileotherpeople_________arest.A.werehavingB.arehavingC.willhaveD.have2)SusanandLilytomatoesandothervegetablesonthefarmthistimeyesterday.A.pickB.arepickingC.willpickD.werepicking2.强调动作的持续性,比一般过去时更生动。(用一般过去时和过去进行时填空)Itheavilylastnight.(昨天下雨了这个事实)Itheavilylastnight.(昨晚下雨持续时间长)3.与always,constantly,continually,forever等连用表达某种感情色彩。Mybrotherwasalwayslosinghiskeys.★小试身手★请用一般过去时或过去进行时填空:1)WhileTom(read)_________,Emily(watch)_________adocumentaryonTV.2)Thethief(sneak)_________intothehouse,(steal)_________thejewelsand(leave)_________withoutatrace.3)Whilewe(do)_________asight-seeingtour,ourfriends(lie)_________onthebeach.4)I(write)_____abooklastyearbutIhaven’tfinishedityet.5)--What(do/you)__________yesterdayat8pm?--I(sit)__________inthepubwithSam.Why?五、一般将来时SimpleFutureTense结构公式一:sb.will/shalldo结构公式二:am/is/aregoingtodo结构公式三:am/is/aretodo结构公式四:am/is/areabouttodo结构含义例句begoingtodosb:有计划sth:有迹象______getmarriednextmonth,soI’mpreparingformywedding.Thedayisgettingdark.It’sgoingtorain.will/shallsb:没有计划,随时想Shallwegotothelibrary?时间状语:next…,tomorrow,in+时间,soon,thisevening等★小试身手★1)Thefootballmatchwillbeputoffifit________.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israining2)--Iwon’tgoifit________tomorrow.--Idon’tknowi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