英国文学考点全景图

1PartOne:英国文学考点全景图中古时期的英国文学LiterarytermsBriefdescriptionBallad（民谣）(1)Balladisastoryinpoeticformtobesungorrecited.(2)Balladswerepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.(3)RobinHoodisafamousballadsingingthegoodsofRobinHood.Coleridge’sTheRimeoftheAncientMarinerisa19thcenturyEnglishballad.Epic（史诗）(1)Epic,inpoetry,referstoalongworkdealingwiththeactionsofgodsandheroes.(2)BeowulfisthegreatestnationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons,JohnMiltonwrotethreegreatepics:ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegainedandSamsonAgonistes.Romance（罗曼史/骑士文学)(1)RomanceisapopularliteraryforminthemedievalEngland.(2)Itsingsknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeeds.(3)Chivalry(suchasbravery,honor,generosity,loyaltyandkindnesstotheweakandpoor)isthespiritofromance.Alliteration(押头韵)(1)Alliterationmeansarepetitionoftheinitialsoundsofseveralwordsinalineorgroup.(2)AlliterationisatraditionalpoeticdeviceinEnglishliterature.(3)RobertFrost’spoemAcquaintedwiththeNightisacaseinpoint：“Ihavestoodstillandstoppedthesoundoffeet”.2NameoftheWriterWorksBriefDescriptionunknownBeowulf《贝奥武甫》(1)Beowulf,atypicalexampleofOldEnglishpoetry,isregardedasthegreatestnationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons.(2)TheepicdescribestheheroicdeedsofaScandinavianhero,Beowulf,infightingagainstthemonsterGrendel,hisrevengefulmother,andafire-breathingdragon.(3)Thepoemconveysahopethattherighteouswilltriumphovertheevil.GeoffreyChaucer(乔叟)(1)HeisregardedasthefatherofEnglishpoetry.(2)TheCanterburyTalesishismasterpiece.(3)Hepresents,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,acomprehensiverealisticpictureofthemedievalEnglishsocietyandcreatesawhole...oflife.(5)ChaucerintroducedfromFrancerhymedstanzasofvarioustypes(heroiccouplet)intoEnglishpoetrytoreplacetheOldEnglishalliterativeverse.(6)ItwasChaucerwhomadeLondondialectthefoundationformodernEnglishspeech.(7)Hischaracterizationisvivid.TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》TroilusandCriseyde《特罗勒斯和科丽西德》Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》TheHouseofFame《声誉之堂》(1)TheCanterburyTalesisChaucer’smonumentalsuccess.(2)ItisacollectionofstoriestoldbyagroupofpilgrimsontheirwaytoCanterbury.(3)ItwasinfluencedbyBoccaccio’s(薄伽丘)Decameron(《十日谈》).(4)Inthepoem,Chaucerpresents,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,...medievalEnglishsocietyandcreatesawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallworksoflife.(5)ThepoemshowsChaucer’shumanismandanticipatesaneweratocome.WilliamLangland(威廉·兰格伦)PiersPlowman《农夫皮尔斯》(1)PiersPlowmanisapoemthatgivesapictureofthelifeinfeudalEngland.(2)Itisaprotestagainstthethensocialinjustice.3文艺复兴时期的英国文学LiteraryTermsBriefDescriptionRenaissance(文艺复兴)(3)TherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissanceistheElizabethandramawithWilliamShakespearebeingtheleadingdramatist.(1)Theword“Renaissance”means“rebirth”.ItmeantthereintroductionintoWesternEuropeofthefullculturalheritageofGreeceandRome.(2)TheessenceoftheRenaissanceishumanism.Attitudesandfeelingswhichhadbeencharacteristicofthe14thand15thcenturiespersistedwelldownintotheeraofHumanismandReformation.Humanism(人文主义)(1)HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.(2)Itemphasizedthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniverseandmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthepresentlife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.Spenserianstanza(斯宾塞诗节)(3)Spenser’sTheFaerieQueenewaswritteninthiskindofstanza.(1)SpenserianstanzainthecreationofEdmundSpenser.(2)Itreferstoastanzaofninelines,withthefirsteightlinesiniambicpentameterandthelastlineiniambichexameter(六音步),rhymingababbcbcc.Conceit(奇特的比喻)(2)ConceitisextensivelyemployedinJohnDonne’spoetry.(1)Conceitisafar-fetchedsimileormetaphor,aliteraryconceitoccurswhenthespeakercomparestwohighlydissimilarthings.Metaphysicalpoetry(玄学派诗歌)(3)ThedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicalperiods,andechosthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.(4)Theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.(1)Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.(2)Withtherebelliousspirit,themetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.4NameoftheWriterWorksBriefDescriptionPhilipSidney(菲利普·锡尼爵士)(1)HestandsforthespiritoftheElizabethanAge.(2)InmanywaysherepresentstheRenaissanceidealof“thecompleteman”.Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》AstrophelandStella《阿斯特罗菲尔与斯特拉》DefenseofPoetry《为诗歌辩护》(1)Arcadiaisaproseromancefilledwithlyrics.(2)Itisregardedasaforerunnerofthemodernworld.EdmundSpenser(埃德蒙·斯宾塞)(1)Heisacclaimedas“thepoets’poet”inEnglishliterature.(2)Hispoetryisnotedforsuchqualitiesasaperfectmelody,araresenseofbeauty,asplendidimagination,aloftymoralpurityandseriousness,andadedicatedidealism.(3)HecreatedtheSpenserianstanza.(4)HismasterpieceisTheFaerieQueene.TheFaerieQueene《仙后》TheShepherdCalendar《牧羊人日记》(1)TheFaerieQueeneisSpenser’smasterpiece,agreatpoemofitsage.(2)ThefairyqueeninthepoemstandsforboththeQueenElizabethandglory.(3)InthepoemSpenserspeaksof12virtuesofaperfectgentleman.(4)Thisallegoricalpoemisdistinguishedforitsrichcontentandexquisitestyle.(5)ThepoemiswrittenintheformoftheSpenserianStanza.(6)TheRed-crossKnightinthepoemrepresentstheChurchofEngland.(