纵览中国文化-Chinese-Culture

ExploretheChineseCultureOverviewChina,anancient,mysteriousandbeautifulland,isproudofher1.3billionpeople,fivethousandyears’history,resplendentcultureanddistinctivecustoms.Chinese'fourgreatinventions'(paper,gunpowder,printingandthecompass)arehergreatestgiftstotheworld.Chineseartsandcrafts,includingpainting,calligraphy,operas,embroideryandsilkaredistinctiveandunique.ChineseMartialarts,whichhaveonlyrecentlybeguntoenjoypopularityacrosstheworld,havebeenpartofChinesecultureforcenturies,Chinesecuisinehasbeenexportedtoeverycorneroftheglobe.ContentsModernChinesecultureBusinessculture&etiquetteTraditionalChineseCultureTraditionalChineseCulture信息平台业务流程设计原则TraditionalFestivalChineseFolkArtsChineseArchitectureChineseCuisineTraditionalChineseCultureReligion&PhilosophyTraditionalChinesecultureTraditionalFestivalReligion&PhilosophyChineseCuisineChineseArchitectureChineseFolkArtsSpringFestivalTherearemanytraditionalfestivalsinChina,suchasSpringFestival,LanternFestival,DragonBoatFestival,Mid-AutumnFestival.ButSpringFestival,alsoknownasChinesenewyear,isthemostimportantinourculture,justasimportantasChristmasDayinwesternculture.TraditionalFestivalSpringFestivalTheoriginofSpringFestival—”Nian”,lunaryear.15-daycelebration—reunionandthanksgivingNewYear'sEveDinnerFireworksDuiLianTraditionalFestivalChineseDumpling--themostimportantfoodsinChineseNewYearFireworksareusedtoscarethebeast“Nian”andtogetridofillluckReflectthebestwishestotheupcomingyearThosearewordsthatpeoplegreettoothersTraditionalChineseCultureChineseFolkArtsTraditionalFestivalReligion&PhilosophyChineseCuisineChineseArchitectureChineseFolkArts业务流程ChinesefolkartsTraditionalFestivalMartialArtsBeijingOperaTwospecialartsBeijingOperaBeijingoperaisthemostinfluentialoperainChinaandhasahistoryofaround200years.Itsynthesizestheartsofsinging,dancing,recitation,martialarts,andinstrumentalmusic.BeijingOperaTherearefourmainrolesinBeijingOpera:ShengDanJingChouThefacialpaintingisworthappreciatingforitsartisticvalueThePekingOperabandmainlyconsistsofanorchestraandpercussionband.Theformerfrequentlyaccompaniespeacefulsceneswhilethelatterprovidestherightatmosphereforbattlescenes.ChineseOperaMask,GuanYuRedColorRedindicatesdevotion,couragebravery,uprightnessandloyalty.AtypicalredfullfaceisGuanYu,generaloftheperiodoftheThreeKingdoms(220-280),famedforhisfaithfulnesstohisEmperor,LiuBei.ChineseOperaMask,ZhangFeiBlackColorBlacksymbolizesroughnessandfierceness.Theblackfaceindicateseitheraroughandboldcharacteroranimpartialandselflesspersonality.TypicaloftheformerareGeneralZhangFeiwithablackcrossbutterflyface(oftheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms)andLiKui(ofWaterMargin),andofthelatterisBaoGong(aliasBaoZheng),thesemi-legendaryfearlessandimpartialjudgeoftheSongDynastyChineseOperaMask,CaoCaoWhiteColorWhitesuggeststreacherousness,suspiciousnessandcraftiness.Commonlyseenonthestageisthewhitefaceforthepowerfulvillain.Ithighlightsallthatisbadinhumannature:cunning,craftiness,andtreachery.TypicalcharactersareCaoCao,powerfulandcruelprimeministerinthetimeoftheThreeKingdoms,andQinHui,treacherousSongDynastyprimeministerwhoputthenationalheroYueFeitodeath.CaocaowithawaterywhitefaceistheleadingcharacterintheoperaMeetingoftheElite.ChineseOperaMask,JiangGanPettyPaintedFaceFortheclownsoftraditionaldrama,thereisaspecialmakeupcalledxiaohualian(thepettypaintedface),i.e.,asmallpatchofchalkonandaroundthenosetoshowameanandsecretivecharacter,suchasJiangGanoftheThreeKingdomswhofawneduponCaoCao.ChineseOperaMask,XiaHoudunBlueColorBluerepresentsstaunchness（坚定的）,fiercenessandastuteness（机敏的）.ShownisXiahouDunwithablueface,CaoCao'smosttrustedgeneralintheoperaBowangSlope.MartialArts(Wushu)AnyonewhohasseenclassicalChineseKungFumovieswillbedeeplyimpressedbytheChineseWushu,whichiscalledKungFuorChinesemartialartsinthewest.DoyouknowBruceLee,JetLiorJackieChan?MartialArts(Wushu)WushuisanimportantanduniquecomponentofChineseculturalheritagewithcenturiesofculturalhistoryattached.WushunotonlyincludesphysicalexercisebutalsoChinesephilosophy,meditationandaesthetics.TraditionalChineseCultureChineseArchitectureChineseFolkArtsTraditionalFestivalReligion&PhilosophyChineseCuisineChineseArchitecture业务流程ArchitectureAChinesestructureisbasedontheprincipleofbalanceandsymmetry.Officebuildings,residences,temples,andpalacesallfollowtheprinciplethatthemainstructureistheaxis.Thesecondarystructuresarepositionedastwowingsoneithersidetoformthemainroomandyard.ThedistributionofinteriorspacereflectsChinesesocialandethnicalvalues.ThelayoutoftheForbiddenCity(ImperialPalace)inBeijingwasalsodesignedinlinewiththetraditionalsystemwithitsgrandhallsinfrontandlivingquartersbehind,allbuiltalongthecentralaxisfromnorthtosouth.Thosegrandhalls,asymbolofcenter,weretheplacesfortheemperortoissuehisedicts,knownastheOuterPalace.Locatedatthebackalongthecentralaxisweretheresidencesoftheemperorandhisconsorts,knownastheInnerPalace.Buttheresidencesoftheemperor’sfather,empressdowager,greatconsortandheir-apparentshouldbebuiltonbothsidesoftheformer.Thelayoutremarkablystress