1英语中大多数形容词是可以分级的,一般有三个等级:原级,比较级和最高级。原级形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。用原级进行比较时可以使用下面两种结构:1.表示比较的双方相等,用”as…as”结构,表示“前者像后者一样”,即A+be+as+形容词原级+as+B.e.g.Johnisastallashisbrother.2.表示比较的双方不相等,用”notas…as”结构,表示“前者不如后者”,即A+be+notas+形容词原级+as+B.e.g.Johnisnotastallashisbrother.比较级当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时,就需要用到形容词比较级。其结构是:A+be+形容词比较级+than+B.e.g.JackeiistallerthanAlex,butAlexisheavierthanJackei最高级三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比较时,需要使用形容词的最高级。其结构是:A+be+the形容词最高级+of/in+比较范围.(Note:形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the)e.g.Jackeiisthetallestinourclass.orJackeiisthetallestofallthestudents.形容词不同级别的变化1.规则形容词的变化ID构成方式原级比较级最高级1一般情况,直接加词尾–er或者–esttallyoungtalleryoungertallestyoungest2以e结尾的,加–r或–stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest3以辅音字母+y结尾的,把y→i,再加–er或–esthappybusyhappierbusierhappiestbusiest4以重读闭音节(辅元辅结构)结尾的,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加–er或–est.bighotthinbiggerhotterthinnerbiggesthottestthinnest5双音节或多音节的形容词可以在形容词原级前直接加more/less或most/least构成形容词的比较级和最高级usefulcarefuldifficultexpensivemoreusefulmorecarefulmoredifficultlessexpensivemostusefulmostcarefulmostdifficultleastexpensive22.不规则形容词的变化ID原级比较级最高级1goodbetterbest2wellbetterbest3badworseworst4manymoremost5muchmoremost6littlelessleast7farfarther,furtherfarthest,furthest8fewfewerfewest9oldolder,elderoldest,eldest补充用于不可数名词用于可数名词表示多muchmorethemostmanymorethemost表示少littlelesstheleastfewfewerthefewestII.副词比较级和最高级的形式副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样。一、一般副词hard→harder→hardestfast→faster→fastestlate→later→latestearly→earlier→earliest二、特殊副词well→better→bestmuch→more→mostbadly→worse→worstlittle→less→least三、开放类副词开放类副词即以后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er或-est,而应在副词原形前加more或most。如:clearly,slowly,quickly,quietly,safelyquickly→morequickly→mostquicklyquietly→morequietly→mostquietly区别:friendlyfriendlierfriendliestearly,earlier,earliest3III.形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法一、比较级1.比较级通常由“形容词(副词)比较级+than+…”构成,表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加……”。连词than后可接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构,有时也可省去than。如:MaryishappierthanJane.玛丽比珍妮幸福。(形容词和系词连用)HelivesmorehappilythanI.他过得比我幸福。(副词修饰行为动词)2.注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。如:Thepurposeoftheresearchhadamoreimportantmeaningforthemthanitdidforus.Soundtravelsfasterthroughwaterthanthroughair.3.比较级前还可用much,even,still,alittle等词语来修饰,表示“……得多”,“甚至……”,“更……”,“……一些”等意思。如:JapanisalittlelargerthanGermany.日本比德国大一点儿。用“…times+形容词的比较级+than…”句式表示倍数;用“表示数量的词+比较级”来表示具体的比较差别。如:Ourroomistwicelargerthantheirs.我们的房间比他们的大两倍。HeisaheadtallerthanI.他比我高一头。4.隐含比较级1)有时比较级并不一定出现than,这时通过上下文可暗示出。如:Areyoufeelingbetternow?你现在感觉好些了吗?2)有些形容词在表示比较的时候,跟“to”而不用“than”。如:priorto较早的,较重要的superiorto优越,高于inferiorto下等的,次的seniorto年长的,地位高的juniorto年幼的,地位低的,迟的preferableto更好的Thetaskispriortoallothers.这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。InmathshefeltsuperiortoJohn.他觉得自己数学比约翰强。Heistwoyearsseniortome.他比我大两岁。Healthwithoutrichesispreferabletoricheswithouthealth.贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。5.表示程度的递增(-er+-er或者moreandmore+多音节的形容词原级,越来越……)Whenwintercomes,thedaysgetcolderandcolder.Myhometownisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.表示两种情况同时变化。(the+比较级…,the+比较级越来越……)Thebusiersheis,thehappiershefeels.Thelesssheworried,thebettersheworked.Themorewegettogether,thehappierwe’llbe.4二、最高级1.最高级用于三者以上比较,形容词的结构形式是“定冠词+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句”(如ofall,ofthethree,intheworld,thathasevertakenplace等)。如:OfallofthewritersinEngland,WilliamShakespeareisthemostwidelyknown.2.副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the。如:Herunsfastestofthethree.三个人中他跑得最快。3.当用介词短语表明形容词最高级的比较范围,作介词宾语的名词或代词与句中的主语属同一类人或物,并把主语包括在内时,用介词of;如不属于同一类人或物,而只说明在某一时间、空间范围内的比较时,用介词in。如:Heisthetallestofthefourboys.(He与boy属同类)Heisthetallestinourclass.(He与class不属同类)4.可以用原级,比较级,最高级三种形式来表示最高级的意思。如:Sheisthebeststudentinherclass.Sheisbetterthananyotherstudentinherclass.Nootherstudentinherclassisbetterthanshe.Nootherstudentinherclassisasgoodasshe.区别:friendlyfriendlierfriendliestearly,earlier,earliest-同步练习1.Whata____cough!Youseem_____ill.A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly2.Ifeeleven_____now.A.badB.wellC.worseD.worst3.Shewasveryhappy.Sheran_____ofalltherunners.A.fastestB.thequickestC.slowestD.quickly4.Keepquiet,please.It’s_____noisyhere.A.manytooB.toomanyC.muchtooD.toomuch5.———Haveyou_____spokentoaforeigner?———No,_____.A.already,neverB.ever,neverC.yet,alreadyD.ever,ever6.Heistallerthan_________inhisclass.A.anyboyB.anyC.anyotherboyD.someotherboys7.I’llgoandvisityou____nextweek.A.sometimeB.sometimesC.sometimesD.sometime8.Thecarisrunning________.Itseemstobeflying.A.moreandfasterB.moreandfastC.fastandfastD.fasterandfaster9.Englishisas_____asChinese.Youshouldlearnitwell.A.importantB.moreimportantC.themostimportantD.muchmoreimportant10.Musicisnotsousefulasscience.It’s________usefulthanscience.A.fewerB.lessCmoreD.alot11.We’veneverheardof_____storybefore.A.suchastrangeB.suchstrangeC.soastrangeD.sostrange12.Youmustwearglasses.Theycankeepyoureyes______.5A.softB.safeC.safelyD.safety13.Passmyglassestome,Jack.Ican_____readthewordsinthenewspaper.A.hardlyB.reallyCclearlyD.rather14.Threeyears_______,hebecomeadriver.A.lateB.laterC.latelyD.morelately15.Heis______enoughtocarrytheheavybox.A.strongerB.muchstrongerC.strongD.thestrongest16.Ibought_____exercise-bookswith____money.A.afew,afewB.afew,alittleC.alittle,afewD.alittle,alittle17.Theboxis_____heavyf